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Jackson, Dead reckoning with just over four months to go

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THEM
Yes, let’s keep in mind polls that show Martinelli ahead for next May’s elections. Also consider the Panamanian constitution and laws, the tendencies of a Supreme Court whose members were chosen by Martinelli’s political enemies and what the ex-president’s camp is able to show at the moment. Think Panamanian history, too. Screen shot from the Twitter/X feed of Martinelli’s right-hand man.

Cassandra’s curse and Muhammad’s gift?
Those this editor lacks. HOWEVER…

by Eric Jackson

Dead reckoning is not a system Alice Cooper invented to figure things out. It’s a tool used by navigators of the seas and the skies to come up with the approximate position of the vessel or aircraft in which they are riding. Set aside the medieval charts that show where the sea monsters are supposed to be. Figure in where you were last known with certainty to have been, the direction you have been heading and speed you have been going and elapsed time of your journey so far. Estimate significant air or sea currents if applicable. How modern a technique? Unlikely to have been possible before the voyages of Zheng He and Magellan, dependent on the later than that invention of the watch, but somehow ancient mariners found places like Hawaii, Easter Island, the Canary Islands and Greenland before any of that.

In politics dead reckoning is a multidisciplinary attempt at prediction that takes into account history, polls, events as they have happened and as they are scheduled to happen, approximate knowledge of who is who and what, frank admissions of what is unknown and old adages like the one about how in electoral politics a month can be a lifetime. The distractions in that field aren’t guesswork maps with sea monsters but the deceptions of modern propaganda techniques.

Also, as has been this reporter’s downfall at times, wishful thinking.

Don Ricky, seasoned veteran of the bused-in rent-a-crowd for his political demonstrations? Monday was supposed to be his big show, his vigil in front of the Supreme Court. By the images sent out by the Martinelli camp there was no large crowd, nor was the vigil and all-nighter. None of the popular passion and personal commitment of the vigil that opponents of the mining colony mustered in the same place a few weeks before. Competent political counsel should have seen that coming, and known that comparisons would be made.

Considering various factors, the show didn’t go well for Martinelli. With polls suggesting broad support, the event suggested shallow support. With members of his former presidential circle facing trials or appealing prison sentences left and right and his own sons having pointed the finger at him while copping pleas to US money laundering charges in a federal district court in Brooklyn, does the absence of many faces from the old crowd and the apparent little blunder in front of the court suggest that Martinelli can’t get competent political advice anymore? OR that he can and does, and that the astute ones are telling him that his cause is most probably a lost one?

Way back when in the USA, I watched, participated in, sometimes helped to organize, various fizzled event of the movement to end the Vietnam War. It was still forced to an end, most of all by the Vietnamese who fought on despite a million deaths but also by US domestic politics, in which the antiwar movement made it impossible for the US war effort to continue as the hawks wished it to do. You don’t want to predict history on the basis of one minor event.

But if the high court peremptorily throws out Martinelli’s latest motion to overturn his conviction and more than 10-year prison sentence for laundering the proceeds of graft and using them to buy the EPASA newspaper chain between now and the beginning of March, it surely means two things. First, Ricardo Martinelli Berrocal is off of May’s presidential ballot. Second, the court order confiscating El Panama America, La Critica and Dia a Dia takes effect for the weeks running up to the election, leaving Don Ricky without those proxy voices to push his Plan B, C or D.

(It’s a BIG DEAL what happens to those newspapers, in this journalist’s estimation. A national university students’ newspaper to upgrade the Panamanian talent pool and put a coming generation’s ideas and attitudes into a public spotlight that it now lacks? The devolution of one of those media to a collection of all who worked for the EPASA papers in the 21st century, for them to run it as a worker-owned cooperative? More likely, an auction to sell the properties to one or more rich people who want to be political power brokers. Worse yet, a PRD power grab to make those papers into some approximation of what the media scene was like in Noriega times.)

So if Martinelli’s fortunes collapse over the coming weeks? Polls, and a sliver of history, suggest that PRD standard-bearer Gaby Carrizo, given the party’s pretty solid 30 to 35 percent of the electorate, is poised to step right it. He is running second to Martinelli in most of the polls.

The thing is, the Panamanian norm is to throw the party that holds the presidency out of power at the next opportunity. Even more persuasive to this observer is that José Gabriel Carrizo Jaén is a national joke. The exception to the trend? That was the stolen election of 1994, when between a dictatorship that had its progressive aspects under General Omar Torrijos passed into the hands of the totally out-of-self-control Manuel Antonio Noriega, who not only had his guardia goons but also the Electoral Tribunal at his disposal. They ended up creating a “margin of victory” for the Norieguista hopeful by throwing out all the votes from San Miguelto, atop other frauds and abuses. My guess is that today’s PRD bosses don’t have the sort of institutional control that their predecessors of 1984 did.

My guess is that in May the strikes of 2022 and 2023 will weigh heavily on the minds of persuadable voters. Those who think it just and fitting that all the public school teachers did not get paid on time and whose primary passion is that they fear and loathe the militant SUNTRACS construction workers’ union will heed the advice of business leaders – who are divided among themselves for this election. The bigger passion, noteworthy on this day of mourning for those innocents who were slain in the 1989 invasion, is the issue of colonialism. Panamanians are generally appalled at the environmental devastation that came with the Petaquilla gold mine and the First Quantum copper mine – the former of which Ricky Martinelli figured among the main shareholders for a brief moment. Much worse this year, however, was the wholesale sellout of the Panamanian national territory and political processes to a rapacious foreign entity in many ways reminiscent of Belgium’s King Leopold’s mining operation in The Congo. There are plenty of Panamanians willing to sell this country to the worst sort of thugs for a bag of groceries but I’d like to think that most voters have more patriotism and more common business sense than that. It ought to translate to an advantage to those candidates who are and always were against the mining colony.

However, it’s an eight-way race without a second round of voting. The winner will surely be a candidate against whom most voters cast their ballots.

Not being Cassandra, the character from Homer’s epics whose curse was the gift of perfectly accurate prophecy which, however, was never believed; nor Muhammad bin Abdullah, the orphan who grew up to be a merchant and then the prophet whose words and deeds all these centuries later still inspire the world’s many Muslims to actions usually beneficent but also sometimes misguidedly vile.

A prophet I ain’t. But I look at things as they are and by my dead reckoning figure out our true current position,, factor in likely coming events and extrapolate to expect that the people now leading in the presidential polls won’t be the next president of Panama.

 

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Foremny, La evasión fiscal y los paraísos fiscales

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cash wash
Caricatura por Laura B.

Riqueza oculta: desafíos y soluciones
en la lucha contra la evasión fiscal

por Dirk Foremny, Universitat de Barcelona

Una noticia positiva: la mayoría de los ciudadanos españoles considera el fraude fiscal como una práctica inaceptable. Según datos de julio de 2023 del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, el 86 % de los encuestados opina que defraudar a Hacienda equivale a engañar al resto de los ciudadanos.

Los participantes en este estudio también consideran que son precisamente aquellos con más recursos los que tienen más motivos para ocultar parte de sus ingresos. ¿Esto es así? ¿Quiénes son las personas que no declaran con total honestidad sus impuestos a Hacienda?

Esas son preguntas difíciles de responder, ya que, por razones obvias, las personas deshonestas tratarán de disfrazar al máximo sus acciones de elusión o evasión fiscal para evitar ser descubiertas por las autoridades tributarias. Sin embargo, las nuevas metodologías de investigación permiten dar una respuesta más precisa a la pregunta: ¿quiénes son las personas que evaden o defraudan impuestos?

Responsabilidad tributaria

Evadir o eludir impuestos pone en peligro el contrato social democráticamente acordado entre ciudadanos y Estado, ya que disminuye los recursos disponibles para financiar el gasto público y la capacidad de reducir las desigualdades de renta y riqueza no deseadas.

La evasión fiscal tiene muchas caras, pero un aspecto que llama la atención son los activos financieros que los españoles tienen guardados en paraísos fiscales.

Según datos del EU Tax Observatory, en 2022 la riqueza financiera de residentes fiscales en España localizada en paraísos fiscales alcanzaba el 10,6 % del PIB (aproximadamente 140 000 millones de euros).

Este mismo estudio también da una primera respuesta sobre el perfil de las personas que tienen capital en estos destinos: aproximadamente el 30 % del patrimonio del 0,01 % más rico de los residentes en España se encuentra fuera del territorio.

Este dato indica que la propiedad de la riqueza financiera offshore (fuera del territorio nacional) está concentrada entre los más ricos, los que componen las llamadas grandes fortunas. Aunque no existen informes más detallados para España, la evidencia de otros países lo confirma. En 2019, un innovador estudio combinó datos filtrados desde instituciones financieras offshore (los Papeles de Panamá, por ejemplo) con registros administrativos de riqueza en Escandinavia. De este cruce de información se concluyó que la evasión fiscal aumenta con la riqueza de las grandes fortunas. Los hogares del 0,01 por ciento superior en la distribución de la riqueza tienen una probabilidad mucho más elevada que el resto de tener activos ocultos en el extranjero.

Es esencial recordar que esto no es ilegal siempre que se declaren los impuestos correspondientes en el país de origen. En España se deben declarar los rendimientos del capital correspondientes y, cuando aplique, el impuesto sobre el patrimonio. Además, los residentes fiscales en España tienen la obligación de declarar todos los bienes y derechos registrados en el extranjero, incluso si no generan rendimientos.

Se acabaron los secretos

Es probable que muchos activos financieros hayan sido declarados correctamente en el país de residencia fiscal de los propietarios debido al secreto bancario y a la falta de intercambio de información a nivel internacional. Esto ha dificultado a las agencias tributarias detectar este tipo de fraude.

En 2014 se produjo un cambio importante a este respecto con la aprobación del Estándar Común de Reporte (ECR), conocido por sus siglas en inglés como CRS (Common Reporting Standard).

Se trata de un acuerdo que garantiza el intercambio de información entre más de 110 países y territorios. Los firmantes se comprometieron a que sus instituciones financieras informen de los activos financieros de extranjeros a las autoridades locales quienes, a su vez, deben compartir esa información con las agencias tributarias de los países correspondientes.

Con este mecanismo en funcionamiento, las posibilidades de que las personas más ricas puedan ocultar activos se han reducido drásticamente pues el CRS implicó la eliminación del secreto bancario.

Queda pendiente atender la cuestión de la fiscalidad extraterritorial de las sociedades. Ese es otro tema en el que hacen falta muchos más esfuerzos de coordinación internacional para llegar a un sistema más justo.

La importancia de la residencia fiscal

El esfuerzo conjunto de numerosos países de compartir información financiera ha tenido cierto éxito. Aunque aún faltan datos para un análisis más profundo, el informe sobre evasión fiscal internacional 2024 del EU Tax Observatory apunta a una considerable disminución del capital no declarado, pese a cierto incumplimiento persistente. Al menos un 15 % sigue sin declararse, pero esta cifra podría alcanzar el 37 % en el escenario más pesimista.

Aunque el CRS cierra la puerta a ocultar el patrimonio offshore, quedan otras opciones si uno quiere minimizar los impuestos a nivel personal. El último ejemplo es el caso de Shakira. El conflicto de la cantante con la hacienda española no ha sido tanto por el dinero no declarado sino más bien por la cuestión de dónde debía declararlo. Durante varios años, ella tuvo su residencia fiscal en Bahamas, un país con una presión fiscal considerablemente más baja que la española.

Aunque se ha logrado el intercambio de información entre países, el nivel de impuestos puede variar considerablemente entre unos y otros. Estas diferencias crean incentivos para mover la residencia fiscal los que tienen un nivel impositivo más bajo. Algo legal si uno realmente vive en ese lugar pero ilegal si la residencia es ficticia, como comprobó la justicia española en el caso de Shakira.

Residencia y riqueza

Varios estudios han demostrado que las diferencias en impuestos tienen un impacto en la decisión de los ricos sobre dónde vivir, incluso dentro del mismo país.

Se ha documentado que las diferencias dentro de España en el IRPF aumentan significativamente la probabilidad de que personas con altos ingresos (a partir de 90 000 euros) residan en comunidades autónomas con un nivel impositivo más bajo. Y la historia no termina ahí: también señalan que, de manera sistemática, las rebajas en el impuesto al patrimonio han atraído a las grandes fortunas.

Esta forma de competencia fiscal también se documenta a nivel internacional: muchos países ofrecen ciertos beneficios a personas extranjeras que perciben altos ingresos en su territorio. En España, este régimen se conoce como ley Beckham pues el futbolista inglés David Beckham se benefició de él entre 2003 y 2007, cuando jugaba en el Real Madrid. El EU Tax Observatory ha estimado que España deja de recaudar anualmente unos 134 millones de euros por este concepto.

Justicia tributaria global

Ciertas políticas pueden ayudar a diseñar un mundo fiscalmente más justo.

Hace 15 años, era impensable el intercambio de información fiscal que existe ahora pero se logró un acuerdo entre países. Ahora, conseguir un impuesto mínimo definido como una proporción del patrimonio personal –como recomienda el EU Tax Observatory en su informe– podría contribuir a un sistema tributario más progresivo.

Tal vez sea el momento de considerar medidas conjuntas para lograr un sistema más justo en cuanto a los impuestos que deberían pagar quienes poseen más riqueza, sin dejar resquicios en los que esconderse de Hacienda.The Conversation

Dirk Foremny, Adjunct associate, Universitat de Barcelona

Este artículo fue publicado originalmente en The Conversation. Lea el original.

 

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Interfaith Watch Night 2023

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Barber et al

Watch Night 2023

by Rev. Dr. William J. Barber II

On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln issued the executive order declaring enslaved people in the rebelling Confederate States legally free, but the decree wouldn’t take effect until the clock struck midnight at the start of the new year.

On the night of December 31, 1862, enslaved and free African Americans gathered – many of them in secret – to ring in the New Year and await news that the Emancipation Proclamation had taken effect. This occasion is known as Watch Night, or “Freedom’s Eve.”

This year, I’ll be joining @brepairers, @NC_PPC, @WSUBC, @ncchurches and more for a Watch Night Service of Lament, Hope, and Call to Action. Mark your calendars and join us in person or online at 6PM.

IF2
 

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Editorials, The PRD budget show; and End the Gaza War

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Benicio
Legislator from Bocas del Toro – PRD party president – National Assembly Budget Committee president – Panama Baseball Federation president Benicio Robinson. He’s the seventh-term big boss man of the national legislature and unlikely to lose his seat in the May elections. If the voters all over Panama are fed up enough with the PRD, he may, however, end up as a member of an opposition caucus without much real power. National Assembly photo.

A shot across the bow, or just a pretend gesture?

The president and the legislature are fighting over the 2024 national budget, or so it is being made to seem. Nito has vetoed bonuses for hundreds of National Assembly employees and presented the legislature with a somewhat pared down on the political plums 2024 national budget. If there is no agreement on next year’s budget the national government will have to go by the pork-heavy 2023 budget for next year.

Is it a real argument, or just a show like professional wrestling?

Regardless, either about the budget, or about the copper mine and its phase-out, or about many other questionable political practices, it seems that most of the PRD has not noticed any of the public anger that was expressed in two long and disruptive strikes last year and this year.

Will this maneuver and that, and a culture in which selling one’s vote to a party or politician is not widely seen as a disgraceful betrayal of the country, allow the PRD tor control the next government? Looking at history it’s doubtful at the presidential level, a bit more possible in the legislature, but ultimately up to the wisdom and integrity of the voters.

 

Gaza after just the first couple of days of Israeli air strikes in October. Wafa / Wiki Palestine photo by Naaman Omar.

Stop this atrocious Gaza War

Is the Israeli Army operating under an explicit “Hannibal Directive,” shooting at anyone who moves, pouring salt into the land, destroying all habitable structures? It’s one of the conspiracy hypotheses floating around in the social media but actions tend to make a persuasive circumstantial case for such an allegation. A rival thread of thinking is that the IDF has degenerated into an undisciplined racist mob. Whatever the truths about motives, organization and orders, the Netanyahu regime’s plea that its soldiers killed three Israeli soldiers who had their hands up and were carrying a white flag was a “mistake” rings hollow. ‘We were just killing everybody in Gaza whom we could kill, and we didn’t know…’ rings so hollow that many Israelis have taken to the streets to renew old demands that Netanyahu resign.

The status quo ante was unbearable for the Palestinians, unacceptable to most of the world and unsustainable by Israel. We might cherry-pick an event to say who started it, but it has been a long-running atrocity. Did Hamas commit war crimes in its October 7 attack? Not only by the Geneva Conventions and other generally accepted international norms, but also in violation of Islamic Law’s bans against attacking noncombatant civilians, particularly women, children and the elderly. Israel’s collective punishment of all Gazans in response, its special attacks on hospitals, schools, religious and cultural sites, its targeted attacks against the press and prominent Palestinian intellectuals – those are the sorts of crimes for which European and Japanese fascists were sentenced to hang in the aftermath of World War II.

Let’s have a permanent ceasefire now. Let’s leave it to the Palestinians and the Israelis to use democratic processes to replace their respective failed leaders rather than having foreign powers trying to run either Palestinian or Israeli affairs. Let’s cut off foreign assistance that allows this war to continue.

The violence is sickening. So are Israeli apartheid, the corruption and failure to defend Palestinian interests of the Abbas “authority,” and the futile fanaticism of the Hamas and Islamic jihad militarists. The war’s spread to the Red Sea and Lebanon is alarming. Any suggestion to expand it into some sort of holy war against Iran is insane.

 

Two children in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1941.

           True poverty does not come from God.

Yiddish Proverb           

Bear in mind…


Our deeds travel with us from afar, and what we have been makes us what we are.

George Eliot

I care not so much what I am to others as what I am to myself.

Michel de Montaigne

A good marriage is one which allows for change and growth in the individuals and in the way they express their love.

Pearl Buck

 

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If he was a spy as accused, Panama would have been on his beat.

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Rocha
A US Justice Department image showing Victor Manuel Rocha during a meeting with an FBI undercover employee.

A US ambassador working for Cuba? Havana’s importance in the world of spying

by Calder Walton, Harvard Kennedy School

The US Department of Justice announced on December 4, 2023, that Victor Manuel Rocha, a former US government employee, had been arrested and faces federal charges for secretly acting for decades as an agent of the Cuban government. Rocha joined the State Department in 1981 and served for over 20 years, rising to the level of ambassador. After leaving the State Department, he served from 2006-2012 as an adviser to the US Southern Command, a joint US military command that handles operations in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Harvard Kennedy School intelligence and national security scholar Calder Walton, author of “Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East and West,” provides perspective on what US Attorney General Merrick Garland described as “one of the highest-reaching and longest-lasting infiltrations of the United States government by a foreign agent.”

How common is it for spies to embed in foreign governments?

Every state seeks to place spies in this way. That’s the business of human intelligence: providing insights into a foreign government’s secret intentions and capabilities.

What makes Rocha’s case unusual is the length of his alleged espionage on behalf of Cuba: four decades. It’s important to emphasize the word alleged here – the case is underway, and Rocha has not yet offered a defense, let alone been convicted.

If proved, however, Rocha’s espionage would place him among the longest-serving spies in modern times. Allowing him to operate as a spy in the senior echelons of the US government for so long would represent a staggering US security failure.


Victor Manuel Rocha’s arrest is the culmination of a multiyear security investigation.

 

What can a spy in this kind of position do?

Typically, an embedded spy would be tasked by his or her recruiting intelligence service to take actions like stealing briefing papers, secret memorandums and other materials that show what decision-makers are thinking. Such work quickly resembles movie scenes – photographing secret documents, swapping information in public places or depositing it under lampposts and bridges.

Having an agent reach ambassador level would be a prize for any foreign intelligence service. Rocha held senior diplomatic postings in South America, including Bolivia, Argentina, Honduras, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. This would have given him, and thus his Cuban handlers, access to valuable intelligence about US policy toward South America — and anything else that crossed his desk.

An embedded spy can also act as an “agent of influence” who works secretly to shape policies of the target government from within. This will be something to look for as the federal government discloses more information to support its charges against Rocha.

Presumably the US intelligence community either already has carried out a damange assessment, or is urgently now conducting one, reviewing what secrets Rocha had access to during his diplomatic service – and whether, as ambassador to Bolivia, he may have shaped US policy at the behest of Cuban intelligence.

Has Cuban intelligence partnered with Russia, in the past or now?

Cuban intelligence worked closely with the Soviets during the Cold War. After Fidel Castro took power in Cuba in 1959, Soviet intelligence maintained close personal liaisons with him. Cuba’s intelligence service, the DGI, later known as the DI, received early training and support from the KGB, Russia’s former secret police and intelligence agency.

From the 1960s through the 1980s, Cuban intelligence operatives acted as valuable proxies for the KGB in Latin America and various African countries, particularly Angola and Mozambique. But they didn’t just follow Moscow’s direction.

As Brian Latell, a former US intelligence expert on Latin America, has shown, Castro’s intelligence service was often far more aggressive than the Soviet Union in supporting communist revolutionary movements in developing countries. Indeed, at times, the KGB had to try to rein in Cuban “adventurism.”

One of Cuba’s greatest known espionage feats was recruiting and running a high-flying officer at the US Defense Intelligence Agency, Ana Montes, who spied for Cuba for 17 years before she was detected and convicted. To the best of my knowledge, there is no publicly avilable US damage assessment of her espionage, but one senior CIA officer told me it was “breathtaking.”

Cuban intelligence recruited Montes while she was a university student and encouraged her to join the Defense Intelligence Agency. There, using a short-wave radio to pass coded messages and encrypted files to handlers, Montes betrayed a massive haul of US secrets, including identities of US intelligence officers and descriptions of US eavesdropping facilities directed against Cuba.


Ana Montes spied for Cuba at the US Defense Intelligence Agency for 17 years.
She returned to her native Puerto Rico in 2023 after serving 20 years in prison.

Cuban and Russian intelligence agencies maintained their ties after the Cold War ended and the Soviet Union collapsed. That relationship has only strengthened since Vladimir Putin, an old KGB hand, took power in the Kremlin in 1999.

Putin’s government reopened a massive old Soviet signals intelligence facility in Cuba, near Havana. This facility had been the Soviet Union’s largest foreign signals intelligence station in the world, with aerials and antennae pointed at Florida shores just 100 miles away.

Soviet records reveal that Moscow obtained valuable information from US military bases in Florida. Russia may well still be trying to try to eavesdrop on US targets today from Cuba, although the US government is doubtless alert to such efforts and is likely undertaking countermeasures.

Cuban intelligence today is also collaborating with China, which reportedly plans to open its own eavesdropping station in Cuba. Beijing has significant influence over Cuba as its largest creditor and, following in Soviet footsteps, views the island as a valuable intelligence collection base and a “bridgehead” — the KGB’s old code name for Cuba — for influence in Latin America.

If Rocha is proved guilty, how would he rank historically among other spies?

It remains to be seen what damage Rocha may have done while allegedly working as a Cuban spy. His tenure in the US government, however, would place him right up there with the most successful, and thus damaging, spies in modern history.

The longest-running Soviet foreign intelligence agent in Britain, Melita Norwood, spied for the KGB for four decades. When she was exposed in 1999, the unrepentant 87-year-old great-grandmother was quickly dubbed “the great granny spy” in the British tabloid press.

In the United States, the highest Soviet penetration of the executive branch was probably Lauchlin Currie, who was President Franklin Roosevelt’s White House assistant during World War II. Records obtained after the Soviet Union’s collapse reveal that Currie acted as a Soviet agent.

The greatest damage to US national security, however, was done in the 1980s and 1990s by Aldrich Ames at the CIA and Robert Hanssen at the FBI. Each man betrayed a wealth of secrets, including US intelligence operations. The information that Ames stole for the Soviets led to the arrest and execution of Soviet agents working for US intelligence behind the Iron Curtain.

In due course, we will find out whether Rocha occupies a place of similar ignominy in US history.The Conversation

Calder Walton, Assistant Director, Applied History Project and Intelligence Project, Harvard Kennedy School

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

 

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Huyendo del genocidio, rechazados por el mundo

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Los pasajeros del SS St. Louis, judíos que escapaban de la Alemania nazi, a quienes ni Canadá, ni Estados Unidos, ni Cuba, ni Panamá ni nadie quiso acoger. Tuvieron que regresar y la mayoría murió en los campos de concentración. Foto de archivo del Museo del Holocausto de EEUU.

Los refugiados judíos que fueron rechazados por Cuba y EEUU

por Manuel Castro-Rodríguez

Los cubanos generalmente nos referimos a los judíos como hebreos, por ejemplo: la Comunidad Hebrea de Cuba. Entre 1902 y 1914 ocurrió la primera ola de emigrantes judíos a Cuba; aproximadamente unos 5.700 se establecieron en el país y lo hicieron su hogar. Lo mismo hizo la mitad de los 25.000 judíos que emigraron a Cuba entre 1918 y 1947.

Es importante señalar que la ley de inmigración de Estados Unidos de 1921 -que se hizo inmediatamente después de concluida la Primera Guerra Mundial- estimuló la segunda ola de emigración judía a Cuba, ya que un año de residencia en el país era suficiente para obtener el permiso de entrada definitiva a Estados Unidos, por lo que unos 7 mil judíos llegaron a Cuba entre 1921 y 1923 mediante los trámites normales de migración.

Pero las nuevas restricciones existentes a partir de la ley de inmigración de Estados Unidos de 1924 terminaron con la esperanza de muchos judíos de usar a Cuba para emigrar rápidamente a Estados Unidos. A pesar de ello, en 1939 una agencia cubana radicada en Alemania vendía visas a 300 dólares -unos 5.200 dólares al cambio de la fecha de hoy, 1 de julio de 2014.

El máximo líder de los nazis, Adolf Hitler, fue un verdadero maestro de la posverdad -distorsión deliberada de una realidad, que manipula creencias y emociones con el fin de influir en la opinión pública y en actitudes sociales. En esto los republicanos MAGA se les parecen mucho.

La reiterada retórica antisemita de Hitler -principalmente su incitación al odio- preparó las condiciones para que en la noche del 9 de noviembre de 1938 ocurriera un estallido de violencia contra los judíos en el Tercer Reich. El ministro de propaganda alemán Joseph Goebbels y otros jerarcas nazis organizaron cuidadosamente los pogroms. En dos días, más de 250 sinagogas fueron quemadas, más de 7.000 comercios de judíos fueron saqueados y destrozados, decenas de judíos fueron asesinados, y cementerios, hospitales, escuelas y hogares judíos fueron saqueados, mientras la policía y las brigadas de bomberos se mantenían al margen.

Los pogroms se conocieron como Kristallnacht, la ‘Noche de los cristales rotos’, por los cristales destrozados de las vidrieras de los comercios que llenaron las calles. A partir de ese momento, las familias judías ya no tuvieron ninguna duda del grave peligro que corrían en Alemania. Pero pocos meses después, a principios de 1939, el régimen nazi cerró la mayor parte de las fronteras de Alemania y muchos países pusieron límites en el número de judíos que podían acoger.

Cuba sufría la primera dictadura de Fulgencio Batista Zaldívar. La huelga general de marzo de 1930 fue la primera gran batalla contra la dictadura de Gerardo Machado. El 4 de septiembre de 1933 se produjo una sublevación militar que derrocó a Machado y se instauró un gobierno colegiado conocido como la Pentarquía por estar integrado por Ramón Grau San Martín, Sergio Carbó Morera, Guillermo Portela Möller, Porfirio Franca Álvarez de la Campa y José Miguel Irisarri Gamio.

Cuatro dias después, Carbó dio a conocer el Decreto 1538 que ascendió a Batista de sargento a coronel. Como jefe del Ejército, Batista dirigió dos golpes de Estado, el 15 de enero de 1934 y el 18 de enero, acabando con la revolución del 30. Batista dirigió Cuba entre 1934 y 1940, aunque las apariencias fueron cubiertas con el nombramiento o la “elección” de seis “presidentes”; en 1939 el títere batistiano de turno era Federico Laredo Bru.

El 13 de mayo de 1939 -poco tiempo antes de que comenzara la Segunda Guerra Mundial con la invasión alemana de Polonia, el 1 de septiembre de 1939- más de 900 judíos -entre ellos 158 niños-, en un desesperado esfuerzo por huir del nazismo, zarparon de Hamburgo a bordo del transatlántico alemán St. Louis. Esperaban llegar a Cuba y de ahí viajar a Estados Unidos. Los arreglos para el viaje fueron organizados de forma independiente por Hamburg-American Line, sin la participación de ninguna organización judía.

El 27 de mayo, cuando el St. Louis se encontraba frente a La Habana y los pasajeros preparaban sus equipajes para desembarcar, el capitán Gustav Schröder les informó que las autoridades cubanas le habían negado el permiso para entrar -finalmente, sólo se permitió el desembarco de 29 pasajeros, 6 de los cuales no eran judíos (4 españoles y 2 cubanos).

El 28 de mayo de 1939, un día después del arribo del St. Louis, Lawrence Berenson, un abogado que representaba a la asociación judía American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), llegó a La Habana para negociar en nombre de los pasajeros del barco. Berenson, que había sido presidente de la Cámara de Comercio Cubano-americana, se reunió con el “presidente” Federico Laredo Bru, quien se negó a permitir que los pasajeros del St. Louis entraran al país y ordenó que el barco se marchara de aguas cubanas.

Pero mientras el St. Louis navegaba lentamente por la costa de la Florida -los pasajeros veían las luces de Miami y buscaban desesperadamente permiso para desembarcar en Estados Unidos-, en La Habana las negociaciones continuaron. Laredo Bru ofreció admitir a los pasajeros si el American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee pagaba 435.500 dólares -unos 7 millones y medio de dólares al cambio del 1 de julio de 2014. Berenson realizó una contraoferta, que Laredo Bru rechazó y rompió las negociaciones.

Cuba, Estados Unidos y Canadá se negaron a recibir a 907 judíos que huían del nazismo. El St. Louis tuvo que regresar a Europa con 907 pasajeros, donde todos -excepto uno- fueron admitidos como refugiados temporales por Gran Bretaña, Francia, Holanda y Bélgica, pero 254 fallecieron en el Holocausto. Es una vergüenza que ningún gobierno de Cuba haya hecho un reconocimiento oficial de este crimen y haya pedido perdón por esa villanía.

Noventa años después, los republicanos quieren hacerle algo similar a los que huyen de las dictaduras cubana, venezolana y nicaragüense. También es una vergüenza que ninguno de los autonombrados líderes del exilio cubano haya protestado.

 

Manuel Castro-Rodríguez, nacido y educado en Cuba, vivió en Panamá por un tiempo y es un defensor de los derechos humanos y crítico de los medios que ahora vive en el área de Miami.

 

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When the slaughter extends to three Israeli hostages carrying a white flag…

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Unarmed, shirtless, hands in the air, carrying a white flag. Their killing by IDF soldiers brought thousands of Israeli protesters onto the streets and not just to complain that they “got the wrong guys.” One analyst said the “absolutely horrific” incident underscores “how Israel’s approach that anyone left in the north is a legitimate target is wrong.” Photo montage from the #StopTheGenocide Twitter/X feed.

IDF admits to firing on and killing three Israeli hostages in Gaza

by the Common Dreams editorial staff

The Israel Defense Forces said Friday that its soldiers opened fire on and killed three Israeli hostages previously held by Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip after mistakenly deeming them a “threat.”

IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari said he believes the three hostages “fled or were abandoned” by their captors before Israeli forces killed them Friday morning.

“After the shooting, during a scan and examination, an immediate suspicion arose regarding the identity of the dead, and their bodies were quickly transferred for examination in Israel, where the hostages were identified,” Hagari said, naming two of the hostages as Yotam Haim and Samar Talalka.

The family of the third hostage requested that their name be withheld.

Mairav Zonszein, a senior Israel analyst with the Crisis Group, called the incident “absolutely horrific” and argued that “it reflects just how much goes wrong in war, and specifically how Israel’s approach that anyone left in the north is a legitimate target is wrong.”

“The only hope is that this hastens a stop to the war,” Zonszein added.

More than 130 hostages are still being held in the Gaza Strip, according to the IDF.

The IDF’s announcement Friday came as Israeli forces continued their indiscriminate assault on the Gaza Strip, attacking houses, schools, and medical facilities across the Palestinian territory, which is facing an appalling humanitarian crisis.

According to Gaza’s Health Ministry, Israeli forces have killed more than 18,700 people—the majority of them women and children—in the besieged enclave since the bombardment began after a Hamas-led attack on southern Israel.

Reutersnoted that “Gaza residents reported another night of intense fighting and bombardment the length of the enclave on Friday” and “hospitals in Deir al-Balah, Khan Younis, and Rafah reported a new influx of dead and wounded.”

“The past two weeks have seen an intensification of combat since a week-long truce collapsed at the start of December,” the news agency added, “with Israel now extending its ground campaign from the northern half of the enclave into the south.”

 

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Caen cinco personas acusados de un secuestro – dos de estos fueron policías

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take him away

Se trataba de un ciudadano jamaiquino a quien supuestamente secuestraron este agosto pasado

 

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MICI, El “proceso”

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¿Wappin? Badass Friday / Viernes rudo

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I got it from my mama
Me lo dio mi madre

Lista de reproducción del viernes recopilada por Eric L. Jackson Malo
Friday playlist compiled by Eric L. Jackson Malo

George Thorogood – Bad To The Bone
https://youtu.be/dt_8aDOJvtM?si=xPVP95snpQmR8GhZ

Bad Bunny – Baticano
https://youtu.be/QCqc3k0Tzbs?si=DcubjKaRCeRcDOLy

Niagara Detroit & Dark Carnival – Cop’s Eyes
https://youtu.be/RuoSO_YPiVU?si=WbB1CsMEjJjN51wF

Rihanna – Desperado
https://youtu.be/7awq_VEdZzk?si=9PuzPUaf9qr7wyvk

The Beatles – Bad Boy
https://youtu.be/u8hOfWs2Xmw?si=dm2jhKvuTQlJze3Y

Björk & Rosalía – Oral
https://youtu.be/8jsi2Tgvx6A?si=oRDnUxNoC4ljCIHa

Mike & The Mechanics – Silent Running
https://youtu.be/DCUmmvWHS2Q?si=pIC5AJjbkAfORonZ

I-Threes – Many Are Called
https://youtu.be/Hm2t8tUEHgY?si=aGTXO1TzXT7Xvaz2

The Four Tops – Are You Man Enough?
https://youtu.be/faaxsHyyIzY?si=0lHHZpgTS_-BSHrB

The Pretenders – Creep
https://youtu.be/z5YbycmxYxc?si=H2OFbxRpJC8qPCtm

Wendy O. Williams – Reform School Girls
https://youtu.be/E9UHpgWYH3I?si=Zyt4dZ-MkwC_YrxX

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