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Richards: These doors stay open, no matter what

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These doors stay open, no matter what

by Cecile Richards

It is heartbreaking. Our thoughts are with the families of the three people whose lives were lost in yesterday’s attack at the Planned Parenthood health center in Colorado Springs. We wish those who were injured a quick and complete recovery.

And, we are deeply grateful to the law enforcement officers who responded with courage to protect Planned Parenthood staff, patients, and community members.

I want every Planned Parenthood patient to know: your safety is our top priority. Planned Parenthood health centers have extensive security measures in place, work closely with law enforcement agencies, and have a very strong safety record.

Planned Parenthood health centers opened their doors again today, in Colorado and across the country. As always, patients were welcomed by extraordinary doctors, nurses, and staff. We will never, ever back away from providing safe, reliable care to the millions of patients who are counting on us to be there.

These doors stay open, no matter what.

It’s still too soon to know what exactly motivated this attack. We share the concerns of many Americans that extremists are creating a poisonous environment that feeds domestic terrorism in this country. In the days and weeks ahead, we will continue to stand up for Planned Parenthood patients, staff, and the communities they serve — and it means so much to know that you stand with us, ready for whatever comes next.

Like you, I am full of sadness for the people who were harmed in Colorado. I am also full of admiration for what every member of Planned Parenthood’s staff do every day — to ensure that people can get the health care they need, and to work toward a day when we no longer see this kind of violence.

At this moment, our hearts are broken, but our commitment is unchanged. Care, no matter what.

Thank you for standing with Planned Parenthood.

 

To donate to Planned Parenthood, click on this link

 

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Zárate, Crisis política y ordenamiento jurídico en Panamá

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1947
 1947: Rechazo del Convenio Filos – Hines.

Crisis política y ordenamiento jurídico en Panamá

por Manuel F. Zárate P.
El hombre es masa hirviente,
y toma en los pueblos nuevos
la nobleza o vicios del molde en que cae.
El molde ha de ser firme y de virtud,
para que el pueblo sea bueno…
José Martí

 

En el palpitar de nuestro pueblo se revela cada vez más y con mayor dureza, el rumbo de descomposición irreversible que está tomando el sistema jurídico nacional, que no resuelve los apremiantes problemas actuales de la sociedad. Lleno de permisibilidades ‒lo que es una verdad también para otras naciones‒, el hecho irrefutable es que en el mapa nacional funciona solo para unos pocos (cuando funciona), pero no para el conjunto de la sociedad. Las grandes mayorías sienten en carne viva, cómo este ordenamiento juega con sus intereses, o para decirlo mejor, cómo funciona en contra del “interés general” ‒en la acepción de A. Gramsci‒ y no, en representación de éste.

Nos corresponde tratar en la ocasión, la crisis del sistema jurídico nacional desde el ángulo político, terreno que al fin y al cabo es su antesala, pues es el lugar por donde entra y sale siguiendo la ley inevitable de todo sistema integral dinámico: nacimiento, desarrollo y muerte.

Hegemonía y bloque histórico

Relacionar el orden jurídico con el orden político nos lleva a considerar un aspecto teórico de importancia: la cuestión de la “hegemonía” de clase en la sociedad, como representación del “interés general”, y del “bloque histórico” como sustento social de dicho interés.

En la lucha entre las clases sociales y sectores de clase ‒motor de la historia‒ habrá siempre un estamento en particular que despliega una especial capacidad para representar el interés general de la nación, en un momento, periodo o etapa determinada de su desarrollo. Esa capacidad, al decir de Gramsci, corresponde a una situación de hegemonía, en la que la clase en cuestión ejerce su liderazgo de tal manera que “tiene en cuenta los intereses y las tendencias” de los demás grupos involucrados en el proceso, sin renunciar a su interés fundamental; y se forma así un cierto equilibrio de compromiso entre los dirigentes y las capas sociales subalternas, conformando el conjunto un bloque histórico social que fundamenta el orden imperante.

Es de este modo que, bajo el dominio de la espada española por ejemplo, se construyó el consenso que sostuvo a la colonia, en la que negros e indígenas fueron asimilados a la sociedad colonial hispánica, primero en sus formas de esclavitud y luego en las feudales de explotación. También conviene subrayar, que fue desde el seno de esta sociedad y no al margen, que nace hacia los inicios del Siglo XIX el interés general por la independencia, bajo la fórmula liberal republicana liderada por comerciantes y hacendados criollos. Bolívar es el clásico símbolo jacobino del momento revolucionario.

El mismo perfil lo observamos ‒ya integrados los Estados independientes‒, cuando aparece el interés de la liberación nacional bajo las banderas de la revolución democrática, ante las manifestaciones neocoloniales de sojuzgamiento imperialista de finales del siglo XIX, de las que Martí es un ejemplo imperecedero; una revolución por cierto inacabada en el subcontinente y aún por realizar.

Cómo nace esta criatura?… La hegemonía se fragua a la luz de la intensa lucha social, política y económica entre los diferentes intereses de clases y de sectores de clases de la sociedad, y expresa en esencia una determinada correlación de fuerzas entre estas. Se produce entonces un nuevo orden destinado a consolidar y estabilizar la correlación consumada, caracterizado por instituciones y reglas estructurantes de un nuevo Estado. Pasa así la hegemonía de clase a ser administrada mediante los diversos mecanismos de gestión formal establecidos, que van desde los coercitivos y políticos, hasta los culturales e ideológicos que fermentan la identidad colectiva de la nación.

Mientras haya cohesión orgánica, habrá fuerza social; y en esta circunstancia se anida y vigoriza el “bloque histórico”, que debe superar los obstáculos opuestos al interés colectivo. Del mismo modo, cuando surgen nuevos intereses y su síntesis o interés general se desprende de la tutela del grupo hegemónico, habrá crisis y búsqueda de un nuevo orden; y la incapacidad del Estado para sostener la hegemonía se transformará poco a poco en capacidad para pervertirlo.

Gramsci en sus Notas Breves sobre la Política de Maquiavelo decía que, en la tarea o ejercicio de la hegemonía, la clase en el poder establecía un equilibrio entre consenso y fuerza. Pero entre una y otra estaba la corrupción cuando se le dificultaba la función hegemónica y el empleo de la fuerza le era demasiado peligroso… La corrupción es pues un fenómeno inherente a la crisis del orden existente; y desde este ángulo, no hay solución que no sea la formación de un nuevo orden, capaz de sostener el naciente interés general.

Clase hegemónica y orden jurídico, hasta 1968

Nuestro país no escapa a esta lógica de la historia. Fue el interés general de independencia, lanzado por el grito libertario del campesinado revolucionario de Los Santos, pero hegemonizado por la clase comerciante y terrateniente del istmo, el que levanta el orden anticolonial que suma el territorio panameño a la Gran Colombia, dentro del espíritu de la unidad bolivariana. Y así mismo será el interés general, tejido al calor de las incongruencias del centralismo bogotano autoritario y de la formación de la conciencia nacional, el nutriente que permitirá el nacimiento del Estado Republicano, en noviembre de 1903.

Esto último representa uno de los casos sui-géneris de la historia, en los que una situación revolucionaria encuentra un desenlace a favor del interés general por la vía reaccionaria y no por la revolucionaria. ¿Cómo explicar esto?… Si bien nuestra independencia se había convertido en una necesidad histórica y se hacía cada vez más patente como interés general, la derrota de los revolucionarios liberales en la “Guerra de Los Mil Días” hizo que la coyuntura revolucionaria independentista se realizara bajo una correlación que favoreció a la conjunción de fuerzas de comerciantes, casa-tenientes y terratenientes nacionales junto al creciente imperialismo representado por los EEUU. De esta manera surgió sí, una nación, pero como protectorado norteamericano, con un Estado bicéfalo que solo lo resuelve la lucha del pueblo panameño bajo el liderazgo del General O. Torrijos, 75 años después, y una constitución clásica, individualista y presidencialista ‒como la califica el Dr. Humberto Ricord‒, que plasma a lo largo de su articulado el interés oligárquico imperialista bajo la fórmula de una democracia liberal, que reproduce en su estatuto la mayor parte de las cláusulas contenidas en la Constitución colombiana de 1886.

Le tocó al Movimiento Popular Inquilinario de 1925 poner en entredicho por primera vez esta constitución. Para el momento, la actividad del canal había transformado en profundidad las ciudades de Panamá y Colón, y diversificado la actividad de la burguesía panameña. También una capa orgánica de pensamiento crítico emergió con vehemencia en el movimiento social hacia mediados de los años ’30, complicando el mosaico político y cultural nacional. Las corrientes nacionalistas toman buen viento en esa atmósfera y con el espectro del nacionalismo fascista europeo en boga, ganan fuerza los destacamentos que expresan a la incipiente burguesía modernista, los cuales logran acaparar el escenario político hacia finales de la década, dando cabida en los años siguientes a un constitucionalismo social, muy cercano a los conceptos de la Constitución Alemana de Weimar y la austriaca de 1920. Se produce así un nuevo orden (1941), que algunos constitucionalistas califican de “democracia social con autoritarismo presidencial”.

La derrota del fascismo y la aspiración democrática derivada de la guerra, a más de las políticas del “Estado de Bienestar” proclamadas por las potencias occidentales con la reconstrucción y llegadas al país, derrumban esta constitución y nace la Constitución del ’46, por vía de una “Convención Nacional Constituyente”. Ésta crea en sustancia una democracia social, singularizada sobre todo por las llamadas “Garantías Constitucionales” consignadas en seis capítulos, con amplios derechos sociales; pero consolida también la trama hegemónica oligárquica, mediante el rejuego de los partidos políticos de familias y la acción coercitiva de la fuerza pública (Guardia Nacional), que hace mancuerna con los clanes económicos para sostener el poder plutocrático.

El hecho es que el movimiento del ’47 contra las bases militares norteamericanas hace tambalear la institucionalidad creada, abriendo fisuras que serán parte innegable en la génesis de la crisis del ’49; y luego las luchas intestinas inter-oligárquicas se abren camino. Recordamos que el Tratado Remón‒Eisenhower amplía los mercados de la burguesía criolla, generando incluso una base industrial nacional, a la vez que aumenta la inversión corporativa internacional y se desarrolla el comercio importador-exportador. Estas diatribas de grupos se trasladaron al escenario político; y el resultado fue una rápida degradación de la institucionalidad, que termina por elevarla a condición de crisis irreversible el movimiento del ’64, al llevar a categoría de interés general la liquidación de la colonia en la Zona del Canal y la integración del territorio nacional con una sola bandera, lo que no pudo resolver nunca el orden establecido de democracia oligárquica.

De esta crisis surge el Golpe de Estado militar de 1968; un hecho con similitudes al del nacimiento de la República, en el que se dirimió por la vía reaccionaria la situación revolucionaria de la independencia. ¿Por qué esto?…

Decimos que se da una situación revolucionaria cuando el proceso de decantación y enfrentamiento de fuerzas llega a un punto en el que “los de arriba” se quedan sin capacidades para gobernar, mientras que “los de abajo” no aceptan ya dejarse gobernar. Se alcanza así un impase, que necesita de un nuevo orden sistémico y por lo tanto, la intervención de un estamento capaz de tejer la síntesis de una nueva hegemonía. En el ´68 se dio la incongruencia en que la oligarquía, o sea los de arriba, no podían gobernar, pero los de abajo no tenían la fuerza para construir el nuevo consenso, por lo que tocó a la única fuerza organizada y cohesionada que había, la Guardia Nacional, resolver el nudo, con la particularidad social de ser representativa de capas medias activas en el escenario político del país. Y lo hicieron, por supuesto, como ellos solo lo sabían hacer, siendo alumnos todos de la Escuela de Las Américas: con el golpe duro y de contenido antidemocrático.

El orden torrijista anticolonial

Cuatro años se necesitaron para estabilizar el régimen; cuatro años de golpes y contragolpes, de violencias, depuraciones e incluso, de mesas de diálogo, que no expresaron más que el estado de descomposición social y política recibido de la patria enferma. Al final el parto se dio; se consiguió en efecto articular la correlación correspondiente a la nueva hegemonía, que no fue otra que la representativa del interés general levantado por el movimiento insurreccional de enero ’64. De otra manera no habría estabilidad, porque la tarea indiscutible que había madurado en la nación era la de la liberación del territorio colonial; y Torrijos la asumió con todas las dificultades del mapa contradictorio de la sociedad heredada, en el que convivían disímiles intereses buscando configurar correlaciones propias y aspiraciones divergentes entre la cuestión nacional y la cuestión social. Esto explica un poco ese calificativo que muchos hacen a su liderazgo, de “bonapartista”, pues la marcha del proceso lo hizo “fiel de balanza” del cuadro político.

De este consenso, que recoge el sentir popular en relación a la lucha nacional, pero también el sentir de la burguesía industrial nacionalista en relación a la lucha social, nace la Constitución del ’72, que está estructurada alrededor de la necesidad fundamental de enfrentar la guerra por la recuperación del Canal, lo cual implicaba conseguir la integración del país, la voluntad nacional y unitaria de lucha, el desarrollo del mercado interno, dominio del espacio territorial, la transformación de la fuerza pública, etc. Todo esto se refleja en el estatuto aprobado, muchas veces con elementos discordantes, pero manteniendo siempre la dominante de los aspectos estratégicos que deben permitir enfrentar la batalla. No obstante ‒vale aclararse‒, el referente fundamental de la pirámide de poder fue el castrense, por lo que germina como colofón una ambigua autocracia militar populista, de la que cuelgan singulares instituciones democráticas pluralistas, participativas…

Y bien; muchas críticas se le podrán hacer al documento y el Estado que organizó; pero también los resultados están hoy a la vista: tenemos el canal, un solo territorio y una sola bandera… O sea que en el trayecto el ordenamiento logró lo que Gramsci definió como cohesión orgánica de la nación, y anidó el bloque histórico de la lucha anticolonial.

Ganado el eslabón canalero, los ejes dictatoriales institucionalizados no tenían por supuesto más cabida; estaba claro que el triunfo marcaba nuevos intereses y abría espacios para desarrollar la democracia. Para nuestro pueblo se trataba en lo medular, de ganar ahora otra batalla: la del desarrollo, vía la revolución democrática (tal como la entendió en su hora Martí), profundizando y ampliando los gérmenes institucionales existentes de la soberanía popular. Para la burguesía se trataba de otra cosa: crear las condiciones políticas de apropiación de los nuevos activos que pasaban a la contabilidad nacional. Desde el punto de vista institucional, estas dos visiones, que encuentran una correlación equilibrada al momento de la firma de los Tratados Torrijos Carter, sobre todo por la ubicación progresista del General Torrijos, se traslada a las reformas constitucionales de 1978; y el ejemplo más revelador del balance se observa en la estructura del Poder Legislativo, en el que coagula una coexistencia complicada entre la forma representativa tradicional de diputados y la del Poder Popular.

Torrijos se retira prácticamente de la administración del Estado, consciente del reto pendiente, o sea: dar solución a esta contradicción y más temprano que tarde. Justo caminando por ese periplo le llegó la muerte; y la descomposición de la correlación de fuerzas que le sigue despeja el camino al interés oligárquico, dominado a la fecha por la burguesía financiera usurera, todo lo cual permite al grupo avanzar hacia la construcción de un nuevo consenso. Es así como entran las reformas de 1983, que devuelve tributo a la partidocracia burocrática de antes del ’68 y elimina la Asamblea Nacional de Representantes de Corregimiento. Estas reformas, que algunos califican de verdadera obra constituyente, fue de tal envergadura en su connotación neocolonial, que la invasión norteamericana, que restituye los plenos poderes de la oligarquía no tuvo necesidad de cambiarla, más que en algunos pequeños acápites y capítulos. En los hechos demostró toda su incapacidad para resolver la crisis política de los años siguientes al ’83, que terminó en el “Golpe de Estado” militar norteamericano. En todo caso es la que tenemos vigente…

La crisis del orden institucional post-invasión

La invasión norteamericana del ’89 fue una derrota al movimiento de liberación nacional del país, por la vía militar. Concluyó en realidad, el proceso de construcción de una hegemonía oligárquica que se venía fraguando paulatinamente desde adentro y desde afuera del bloque histórico democrático de liberación nacional. Y sobre esta derrota fue montado el nuevo poder que aún hoy nos domina, independientemente de quienes hayan sido sus administradores.

¿Qué hacen los invasores?… En alianza con la oligarquía criolla modernizante, financiera y rentista, completan y profundizan el modelo de desarrollo neoliberal ‒que ya tenía raíces en el país‒, bajo la fórmula política institucional del bipartidismo excluyente, en tanto que mecanismo de gestión del Estado. Esto lo levantan mecánicamente sobre la plataforma constitucional heredada, considerada “potable”, pero que en los hechos es un esqueleto lleno de remiendos y “colaches” incongruentes, en los que han dejado sus huellas múltiples manos fragmentarias. La situación llevó rápidamente a una crisis institucional y sobre todo a la caducidad de la base jurídica nacional para enfrentar las nuevas aspiraciones del panameño, particularmente las derivadas de la reversión canalera. Es lo que trasmite el común del ciudadano y que escuchamos a diario al decir: “este Estado y sus leyes sirven solo a sus dueños; a nosotros no”… Vale agregar que el “martinelato” en este contexto, es efecto y no causa.

Surge así la necesidad de construir otro consenso, que alimente la formación de un nuevo bloque histórico, democrático revolucionario, capaz de llevar a su fin las tareas pendientes de la lucha nacional y del progreso social. O en otras palabras; es impostergable la síntesis de una nueva hegemonía (aplazada por la invasión), que recoja el interés del conjunto de las fuerzas que hoy son parte motora de la transformación progresista de la patria y que aspiran a esa democracia social legítima y soberana destinada a liberarnos del yugo neocolonial.

La AEN y la crisis del orden jurídico nacional

Es con este sentido que nos toca evaluar el papel de la Alianza Estratégica Nacional (AEN); una asociación integrada hoy por más de 90 organizaciones sociales representativas de trabajadores, campesinos, indígenas y capas medias de artesanos e intelectuales de la ciudad y el campo, que la hacen una fuerza instrumental legítima para la construcción de este nuevo consenso.

En esta dirección, ¿qué podríamos definir como “interés general”, para la construcción de una nueva hegemonía progresista nacional?… Me atrevería a responder que hay tres aspectos sustanciales y dominantes en las reivindicaciones del día a día de las organizaciones que nos integran y que subyacen como constantes en las motivaciones de la red extensa, diversa y solidaria que formamos: (a) la participación ciudadana en la gestión política, social, económica y cultural del Estado, es decir, ser ciudadanos protagónicos y no convidados de piedra en las decisiones del gobierno, lo que implica crear mecanismos legítimos para garantizar junto a la institucionalidad de la democracia representativa, otra, nueva, de democracia directa y un equilibrio balanceado entre las dos; (b) limpiar el país de las secuelas de la dependencia, o sea liberarnos de las estacas neocoloniales vigentes, en particular de los atribuciones intervencionistas del Tratado de Neutralidad Permanente, todo los cual significa integrarnos (y no, aislarnos) al concierto de naciones, con personalidad propia, bajo relaciones contractuales que aseguren el interés nacional en la esfera del interés global y; (c) un crecimiento con distribución social y territorial de la riqueza, y auténtica sostenibilidad ambiental.

El proceso constituyente, quiérase o no está en marcha con los altibajos, avances y retrocesos propios del choque de fuerzas que le es inherente; y habrán quienes ante lo imposible ‒porque no pueden detener la historia‒, tratarán de cosmetizar un cambio a su manera, para sostener privilegios insostenibles. Tenemos pues un gran desafío por delante, un reto con el cual no podemos jugar al avestruz, porque al cerrarse la madrugada seremos juzgados por ese pueblo que pretendemos representar. Sin dudas esto nos significará afrontar mil dificultades; porque además, cada paso debe asegurar la soberanía del pueblo. El hecho es que no hay cambio social en la historia que se haya dado sin la voluntad solidaria y el sacrificio. Bien lo manifestó en su momento Rousseau: “la libertad es un alimento suculento, pero de difícil digestión”…

Llegó la hora entonces de reinventarnos… Y hay que asumir el mandato con calidad política, conciencia patriótica y la mejor imaginación… Al respecto, la luz del maestro Simón Rodríguez ante la nueva América, sacudida ya del yugo colonial hispánico todavía ilumina:

“Originales ‒decía‒ han de ser sus instituciones y su gobierno. Originales sus medios de fundar uno y otro. ¡O inventamos o erramos!”…

Es nuestro reto.

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Kiriakou, Pardon Leonard Peltier

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Leonard
This year, the president should extend some Thanksgiving clemency to human beings — starting with Leonard Peltier. Graphic by Gary Stevens.

Instead of pardoning a Turkey, Obama should free this man

by John Kiriakou — OtherWords

As Thanksgiving approaches, I’ve got a suggestion for President Barack Obama.

Instead of following the White House tradition and “pardoning” a turkey destined for a holiday dinner table, Obama should extend that courtesy to some of the thousands of human beings caged up in America’s federal prisons.

Leonard Peltier should be one of them.

Peltier was a Native American activist on South Dakota’s Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the 1970s. On June 26, 1975, two FBI agents went to Pine Ridge to look for a young man named Jimmy Eagle, who was wanted for robbery. Soon after they spotted his car, a shootout ensued.

Both agents and one of the occupants of the car were killed. A later shootout at the gunman’s home ended in two more deaths.

An FBI investigation turned up a gun with Peltier’s fingerprints on it, although there was no evidence he’d been involved in the murder of the agents. Peltier was placed on the FBI’s most wanted list and eventually captured in Canada.

His trial was controversial.

The prosecution’s evidence showed that the two agents were killed at close range — evidence that hadn’t been presented in the trial of two earlier defendants, who were acquitted. Peltier admitted to firing at the agents from a distance, but insisted that he hadn’t been in close proximity to them and hadn’t killed them.

Nonetheless, Peltier was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive life sentences.

In the years after the trial, new evidence emerged indicating that Peltier couldn’t have killed the agents. An FBI ballistics expert found that the firing pin and cartridges used in the killings didn’t come from Peltier’s gun. And all three witnesses who placed Peltier at the scene of the killing later recanted, saying that they’d been coerced by the FBI and denied access to their attorneys.

Even the federal parole board wrote in 1993 that it “recognizes that the prosecution has conceded the lack of any direct evidence that Peltier participated in the executions of the two FBI agents.”

More than two decades later, Peltier still sits in a federal penitentiary in Florida, where he won’t be eligible for another parole hearing until he’s well into his 80s. He’s been incarcerated for 39 years.

An array of progressive, libertarian, and human rights groups have urged for Peltier to receive clemency. Former US Attorney General Ramsey Clark acts as his pro bono attorney. But the only thing that can help Peltier is presidential action.

It really looks like our government has locked up an innocent man. Isn’t it time to fix it?

With his presidency coming to a close and Thanksgiving around the corner, it’s the perfect time for Obama to offer a gesture to help make amends with our nation’s original people. Instead of pardoning a turkey, he should pardon Leonard Peltier.

OtherWords columnist John Kiriakou is an associate fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies. He’s a former CIA counterterrorism officer and senior investigator for the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

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The Panama News blog links, November 24, 2015

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The Panama News blog links, November 24, 2015

Hellenic Shipping News, PanCanal wait time shortens to four days

JOC, Panama to learn in December whether canal opening stays on schedule

Forbes, The potential impact of the Panama Canal expansion on Union Pacific

ANP, Cámara del Comercio sobre el uso de fondos del canal

AFP, Key Nicaragua canal work due late in 2016

WBN, Jones wins heavyweight debut

Sports Illustrated, Rod Carew on his private life and his heart attack

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ANP, Copa Airlines ya cuenta con una flota de 100 aviones

Budapest Business Journal, Hungary bans Panama-based Goldstein Equitas

PR, $7 million US penalty for IHAG Zurich in part for Panama money laundering

Chiriquí Natural, Protestas ciudadanas contra hidroléctricas

The San Diego Union Tribune, Death penalty not sought in Bocas del Toro slaying

ComPlex, “Adorable drug kingpin’s” dad is a DEA agent in Panama

Las Vegas Sun, Vegas murder suspect busted in Panama

Levinthal, Liberal “dark money” group rails against “dark money”

Think Progress, Trump tweeted bogus murder stats from a neo-nazi

The Guardian, Pollard freed after 30 years but still a thorn in US-Israeli ties

Washington Post, Uncle Sam may pull passports over back taxes

QCostaRica, The business of moving Cuban migrants

EFE, Iglesia católica aboga por corredor humanitario para cubanos

BBC, More Mexican migrants leaving USA than arriving

Huffington Post, The Democrats who voted to block Syrian refugees

Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Panama – Israel free trade pact

Video, The most brazen corporate power grab in American history

Dayen, “Free trade” trumps the environment in WTO ruling on tuna labels

Alaska Public Media, Costco won’t sell genetically engineered salmon “at this time”

Video, Scintillant Hummingbirds

Mongabay, Biologists may have a way to rid amphibian-killing fungus in the wild

EurekAlert!, Polarization vision gives fiddler crabs the edge in detecting rivals

STRI, A new field guide to tropical vines

Popular Mechanics, Army ants’ bridge building techniques

Deutsche Welle, A tour guide to a world changed by climate

Ecologist, Solar islands replace nuclear power in Japan

AFP, Audubon Panama: Climate change is affecting bird migration

AFP, Panama turtle eggs could “fry” from rising temperatures

Video, Flooding on the road into Boquete

Klein, What’s really at stake at the Paris climate conference

Martinez & Rooney, Focusing on Latin America is essential in 2016

Colombia Reports, Santos pardons 30 convicted FARC guerrillas

Sader, La derecha vuelve al gobierno en Argentina

EFE, Mujica teme por la “estabilidad institucional” de Argentina

Video, Laura Carlsen on Operation Condor

Simpson, Analizando el tema de ISIS

Parry, Tangled threads of US false narratives

Frankel, The Trouble with international policy coordination

Eyes on Trade, Initial analysis of key TPP chapters (PDF)

Yeldan, From G20 to Labor20

Video, Chombo pa’ la Tienda

TVN, Rubén Blades triunfa en los Latin Grammy

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Editorials: When and how to be neutral; and The end of Era K

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UNHCR
A Syrian woman and her children, driven from their home and looking for a place to go. Photo by the UN High Commission on Refugees.

The things about which Panama should be neutral

Panama should be neutral about the nationality of ships that come in peace to take legal cargoes and passengers through the canal. We are committed to this by treaties.

Panama should not be neutral about fundamental human rights. It doesn’t mean that we should go around the world demanding regime change for every country that abuses people’s rights, but it does mean upholding the rule of international law, especially within Panama. We are committed to this by treaties.

Taking marching orders from the Pentagon or any other foreign power is an alignment that conflicts with Panamanian neutrality. But joining in an international effort against notorious non-state criminals is not the same thing as becoming some other country’s puppet.

On the level of Panama’s relations with individuals and families, it is not a betrayal of our sovereignty to take in some of those who have been driven from their homes by the Islamic State. It’s a matter of common human decency and national pride to do so. Of course we should be on the lookout for people seeking to come here under false pretenses, and we should also understand that people traumatized by war often take social, psychological or medical issues with them wherever they go. We can deal with all that. We have done so before. Little Panama should welcome our share of refugees, because that’s the sort of people who we are.

 

Macri
Argentine President-elect Mauricio Macri. Photo by ALAI.

The end of Era K

In the person of Mauricio Macri the Argentine right has won the presidency in a fair election for the first time in a long time. He will come to office controlling neither legislative chamber and we shall see how he deals with that.

The Kirchner era was over before the runoff, before the general election. That faction lost within the Peronist party, which opted for a less polarizing character with politics from the last century. But it wasn’t really about ideology so much as people grown weary after a dozen years of the Kirchners and everything that people came to find annoying about them. That stuff usually happens when a party, faction, family or person is in office for too long.

Will Macri have a long run? Will he be the vanguard of a rightward turn in Latin America?

Everywhere but in Bolivia and Uruguay South America’s left governments are unpopular. Venezuela’s Chavistas may lose their legislative majority fair and square next month. Scandals have devastated the Brazilian left and undermined support for Chilean President Michelle Bachelet. Rafael Correa won’t seek another term as president of Ecuador. But farther north, wih the exception of an unpopular Nicaraguan government and the Cuban singularity, it is the hard right that reaps most of the harvest of failure and disapproval.

However, any thought of a return to a bygone age does not take into account changed public expectations, changed economic conditions and shifted balances of geopolitical power. Macri will have to lead Argentina through new terrain, in which heirloom seeds of policy solutions from the north are unlikely to thrive. He will have to show Argentina something new to succeed and he may well do it, but he might also just be a placeholder between Kirchnerism and a new proposal from that side of the spectrum.

For Panama it should not much matter. It shouldn’t for Washington either. Given the fog of unreality that surrounds so much of US politics today, perhaps it will be Panama’s historic role to explain it all to the Americans.

Bear in mind…

Courage is fear that has said its prayers.
Maya Angelou

 

Men show their characters in nothing more clearly than in what they think laughable.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

 

It wasn’t long before people discovered the final horrors of letting an urchin into Parliament.
Bernadette Devlin McAliskey

 

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International constitutional reform congress held here

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law students
The second-year University of Panama law students who organized the event. Photo by Mayella Lloyd.

Constitutional Power Congress held here

by Miguel Antonio Bernal

On November 20 and 21 at the headquarters of Panama’s Colegio Nacional de Abogados the Sixth International Constitutional Power Congress was held, with the theme of “A way to confront the world crisis” and the participation of noteworthy national and international panelists.

The event was convened by the Panamanian Academy of Administrative Law, the Panamanian Constitutional Law Association, the Lawyers College of Panama, the Institute for Political and International Studies, the Constituent Process of Catalonia and the Chilean Students and Citizens Network for a Democratic Constitutionalism.

The responsibility for organizing this activity fell upon, it should be pointed out, the first semester second year students of the University of Panama’s law and political science department, who with a great deal of commitment and responsibility perfected a successful event.

Within the framework of the congress a deserved tribute was rendered to the Panamanian constitutionalist Carlos Bolívar Pedreschi, an enthusiastic exponent of constitutional rule, of a constituent assembly and of the Panamanian nation.

Once the president of the Colegio de Abogados opened the event, Rigoberto González Montenegro began with an exposition about constitutional breakdown and its implications.

Among the national panelists: Adán Arnulfo Arjona, who expounded on what should not be left out in a constitutional change; and Salvador Sánchez, who laid out the subject of constituent power and democracy. Carmen Luz Urriola spoke about constituent power from another perspective and Carlos Vasquez spoke about legal professionals and a constituent assembly.

Among the international speakers present Patricio Pazmiño Freire, the former president of Ecuador’s Constitutional Court, spoke about constitutional reform and recall processes and transformations of regimes. Manuel Monsonís and Matías Sagredo talked about the experiences of campaigns for constituent assemblies in Chile and Barcelona. By video Teresa Forçades, Leonidas Vatikiotis and Roberto Viciano spoke about important constitutional subjects from Barcelona, Cyprus and Valencia respectively.

Previous congresses have been held in Mexico, Ecuador, Caracas, Cadiz and Barcelona.

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Major procedural defeat for Martinelli in the Supreme Court

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RMB
On the day when former President Martinelli’s investigation limit ploy was unanimously crushed in the high court, this was the crowd that he could scrape together for a Colon protest against President Varela. From Ricardo Martinelli’s Twitter feed.

High court voids two-month limit on investigations of legislators’ crimes

by Eric Jackson

On November 19 the Supreme Court released a unanimous decision striking down a single challenged section of a 2012 law designed to protect Ricardo Martinelli and members of his legislative caucus from prosecution for crimes that they were about to commit. Article 491-A of Law 55 of 2012 provided that people with legislative immunity — including members of the Central American Parliament, as Ricardo Martinelli is by virtue of having been president of Panama — could only have criminal charges against them investigated during a two-month window of time after their immunity from investigation and prosecution is lifted.

The Martinelli administration was in many respects organized and managed in ways similar to a La Cosa Nostra operation. In its lame duck weeks many paper and electronic trails were erased. Corrupted public officials blocked meaningful investigations — some still do. But too many people knew and there were copies of incriminating documents in too many places. Among the many rackets in which Martinelli and his associates participated the central crime was that they systematically rigged contracts, going around bidding procedures to make overpriced government contracts, with the proceeds of the bonanza split among the business owners and public officials involved but a large portion reserved for the purchase of gifts to shower on voters in order to buy the 2014 elections.

The big deviant from the Cosa Nostra rule of omerta (silence) was legislator Sergio Gálvez, the self-proclaimed “Sexual Buffalo.” In 2012 there was a by-election for representante in Los Santos, in the El Bebedero corregimiento of Tonosi. Building materials, domestic appliances, cash and other valuables were passed out by the Martinelista candidate and by public officials of the parties supporting Martinelli, on a massive scale for such a tiny electorate. There was a denial from the Martinelli camp that public resources were used. What happened was that a small-time construction guy who got very rich from overpriced no-bid highway contracts with the Martinelli administration was the “private donor.” It was held by the Electoral Tribunal that in reality these were public funds. But Gálvez proclaimed that El Bebedero was the model for the 2014 elections, and that “he who doesn’t give doesn’t go.” Indeed it was the model of the 2014 Martinelista campaign, and Gálvez just lost his immunity from criminal prosecution for allegations of such conduct on his part.

The Martinelli plan was vast and complex criminal enterprises that could not be investigated in just two months, hence that “reform” to the Code of Criminal Procedure. In the case that brought about the November 19 ruling, it was overpriced purchases of dehydrated foods for the school lunch programs. The case has been developing for more than one year against people who don’t have legislative immunity, but as to the former president the high court sued before the Electoral Tribunal to lift his immunity this past January 28, the day he fled Panama. It took a while to resolve that matter with the Electoral Tribunal, with Martinelli’s lawyers interposing all sorts delaying tactics, so the court didn’t get around to appointing an investigating prosecutor — Magistrate Oydén Ortega — until May 4. On July 2, just before the two-month window for investigations was to close, Ortega sued before his colleagues to have Article 491-A declared unconstitutional.

In addition to Ricardo Martinelli, there are a number of legislators facing or about to face criminal charges in the Supreme Court. This ruling takes away their best hopes of running out the calendar to avoid being held to account for the things that they did.

As a skeptical law professor Miguel Antonio Bernal points out, this was but one section of a nefarious law, and meanwhile the National Assembly took a proposal by President Varela to repeal the whole thing and instead — over a presidential veto — repealed parts of Law 55 of 2012 but added new privileges and immunities for public officials facing corruption charges. Varela has sued to get sections of the new law declared unconstitutional on much the same grounds as Ortega sued to overturn Article 491-A. Over Ortega’s objection, his colleagues have appointed Ortega to write the decision on Varela’s lawsuit.

This particular embezzlement investigation directed against Ricardo Martinelli will now proceed.

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Dealing with the Islamic State: what Bernie says

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Daesh Iraq
An Islamic State mass execution in post-intervention Iraq. Photo by criminals.

What Bernie Sanders says about dealing with the Islamic State

excerpts from his speech at Georgetown University

Our response must begin with an understanding of past mistakes and missteps in our previous approaches to foreign policy. It begins with the acknowledgment that unilateral military action should be a last resort, not a first resort, and that ill-conceived military decisions, such as the invasion of Iraq, can wreak far-reaching devastation and destabilize entire regions for decades. It begins with the reflection that the failed policy decisions of the past — rushing to war, regime change in Iraq, or toppling Mossadegh in Iran in 1953, or Guatemalan President Árbenz in 1954, Brazilian President Goulart in 1964, Chilean President Allende in 1973. These are the sorts of policies that do not work, do not make us safer, and must not be repeated.

I’m not running to pursue reckless adventures abroad, but to rebuild America’s strength at home. I will never hesitate to defend this nation, but I will never send our sons and daughters to war under false pretense or pretenses or into dubious battles with no end in sight.

And when we discuss foreign policy, let me join the people of Paris in mourning their loss, and pray that those who have been wounded will enjoy a full recovery. Our hearts also go out to the families of the hundreds of Russians apparently killed by an ISIS bomb on their flight, and those who lost their lives to terrorist attacks in Lebanon and elsewhere.
To my mind, it is clear that the United States must pursue policies to destroy the brutal and barbaric ISIS regime, and to create conditions that prevent fanatical extremist ideologies from flourishing. But we cannot — and should not — do it alone.

Our response must begin with an understanding of past mistakes and missteps in our previous approaches to foreign policy. It begins with the acknowledgment that unilateral military action should be a last resort, not a first resort, and that ill-conceived military decisions, such as the invasion of Iraq, can wreak far-reaching devastation and destabilize entire regions for decades. It begins with the reflection that the failed policy decisions of the past — rushing to war, regime change in Iraq, or toppling Mossadegh in Iran in 1953, or Guatemalan President Árbenz in 1954, Brazilian President Goulart in 1964, Chilean President Allende in 1973. These are the sorts of policies that do not work, do not make us safer, and must not be repeated.

We must create an organization like NATO to confront the security threats of the 21st century — an organization that emphasizes cooperation and collaboration to defeat the rise of violent extremism and importantly to address the root causes underlying these brutal acts. We must work with our NATO partners, and expand our coalition to include Russia and members of the Arab League.

But let’s be very clear. While the US and other western nations have the strength of our militaries and political systems, the fight against ISIS is a struggle for the soul of Islam, and countering violent extremism and destroying ISIS must be done primarily by Muslim nations — with the strong support of their global partners.

These same sentiments have been echoed by those in the region. Jordan’s King Abdallah II said in a speech on Sunday that terrorism is the “greatest threat to our region” and that Muslims must lead the fight against it.

Saudi Arabia has the 3rd largest defense budget in the world, yet instead of fighting ISIS they have focused more on a campaign to oust Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen. Kuwait, a country whose ruling family was restored to power by US troops after the first Gulf War, has been a well-known source of financing for ISIS and other violent extremists. It has been reported that Qatar will spend $200 billion on the 2022 World Cup, including the construction of an enormous number of facilities to host that event — $200 billion on hosting a soccer event, yet very little to fight against ISIS. Worse still, it has been widely reported that the government has not been vigilant in stemming the flow of terrorist financing, and that Qatari individuals and organizations funnel money to some of the most extreme terrorist groups, including al Nusra and ISIS.

All of this has got to change.

Further, we all understand that Bashar al-Assad is a brutal dictator who has slaughtered many of his own people. I am pleased that we saw last weekend diplomats from all over world, known as the International Syria Support Group, set a timetable for a Syrian-led political transition with open and fair elections. These are the promising beginnings of a collective effort to end the bloodshed and to move to political transition.

The diplomatic plan for Assad’s transition from power is a good step in a united front. But our priority must be to defeat ISIS.

While individual nations indeed have historic disputes — the US and Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia — the time is now to put aside those differences to work towards a common purpose of destroying ISIS. Sadly, as we have seen recently, no country is immune from attacks by the violent organization or those whom they have radicalized.

Thus, we must work with our partners in Europe, the Gulf states, Africa, and Southeast Asia — all along the way asking the hard questions whether their actions are serving our unified purpose.

The bottom line is that ISIS must be destroyed, but it cannot be defeated by the United States alone. A new and effective coalition must be formed with the Muslim nations leading the effort on the ground, while the United States and other major forces provide the support they need.

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Dealing with the Islamic State: what Hillary says

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Daesh Libya
An Islamic State mass execution in post-intervention Libya. Photo by criminals.

What Hillary Clinton says about dealing with the Islamic State

excerpts from her speech to the Council on Foreign Relations

To impose the toughest sanctions in history on Iran, to stop a dictator from slaughtering his people in Libya, to support a fledgling democracy in Afghanistan, we have to use every pillar of American power — military, and diplomacy; development, and economic, and cultural influence; technology, and, maybe most importantly, our values. That is smart power.

An immediate war against an urgent enemy and a generational struggle against an ideology with deep roots will not be easily torn out. It will require sustained commitment in every pillar of American power. This is a worldwide fight, and America must lead it.

So we need an immediate intelligence surge in the region, including technical assets, Arabic speakers with deep expertise in the Middle East, an even closer partnership with regional intelligence services.

we need to lay the foundation for a second “Sunni awakening.” We need to put sustained pressure on the government in Baghdad to gets its political house in order, move forward with national reconciliation, and finally, stand up a national guard. Baghdad needs to accept, even embrace, arming Sunni and Kurdish forces in the war against ISIS. But if Baghdad won’t do that, the coalition should do so directly.

We should also work with the coalition and the neighbors to impose no-fly zones that will stop Assad from slaughtering civilians and the opposition from the air.

Now, much of this strategy on both sides of the border hinges on the roles of our Arab and Turkish partners

The United States should also work with our Arab partners to get them more invested in the fight against ISIS. At the moment they’re focused in other areas because of their concerns in the region, especially the threat from Iran. That’s why the Saudis, for example, shifted attention from Syria to Yemen. So we have to work out a common approach.

In September I laid out a comprehensive plan to counter Iranian influence across the region and its support for terrorist proxies such as Hezbollah and Hamas. We cannot view Iran and ISIS as separate challenges.

And as we work out a broader regional approach, we should of course be closely consulting with Israel, our strongest ally in the Middle East. Israel increasingly shares with our Arab partners and has the opportunity to do more in intelligence and joint efforts as well.

And, once and for all, the Saudis, the Qataris, and others need to stop their citizens from directly funding extremist organizations, as well as the schools and mosques around the world that have set too many young people on a path to radicalization.

Overlapping conflicts, collapsing state structures, widespread corruption, poverty, and repression have created openings for extremists to exploit. Before the Arab spring, I warned that the region’s foundations would sink into the sand without immediate reforms. Well, the need has only grown more urgent.

We have to join with our partners to do the patient, steady work of empowering moderates and marginalizing extremists, supporting democratic institutions and the rule of law, creating economic growth that supports stability, working to curb corruption, helping train effective and accountable law enforcement, intelligence, and counterterrorism services.

This is a time for American leadership. No other country can rally the world to defeat ISIS and win the generational struggle against radical jihadism. Only the United States can mobilize common action on a global scale. And that’s exactly what we need. The entire world must be part of this fight, but we must lead it.

To impose the toughest sanctions in history on Iran, to stop a dictator from slaughtering his people in Libya, to support a fledgling democracy in Afghanistan, we have to use every pillar of American power — military, and diplomacy; development, and economic, and cultural influence; technology, and, maybe most importantly, our values. That is smart power.

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¿Wappin? Escape from mental slavery

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him irie
The late great Bob Marley.

¿Wappin? Escape from mental slavery

Janis Joplin – Cry Baby
https://youtu.be/G9wR5hLkYd8

Zoé – Nada
https://youtu.be/eiUr2jNgHLA

Linda Ronstadt, Emmylou Harris & Neil Young – Across the Border
https://youtu.be/OfCS1yXg8gk

Elijah Emanuel – Soy Legal
https://youtu.be/fsKe1YdB_-s

Aretha Franklin – Think
https://youtu.be/hsL9UL9qbv8

Adele – When We Were Young
https://youtu.be/DDWKuo3gXMQ

Rolling Stones – 2000 Man
https://youtu.be/uUeir_mov7Q

Lana Del Rey – High By The Beach
https://youtu.be/QnxpHIl5Ynw

Romeo Santos & Marc Anthony – Yo También
https://youtu.be/QBaIMZ8QjcU

Peter Gabriel – The Rhythm of the Heat
https://youtu.be/rzwMe-3XVn4

Bob Marley – War
https://youtu.be/loFDn94oZJ0

Yabby You – Jah Vengeance
https://youtu.be/4FfBdU_Wwi8

Sinéad O’Connor – Downpressor Man
https://youtu.be/HDhH9-qhEEk

John Lennon – Imagine
https://youtu.be/yRhq-yO1KN8

Sin Bandera – Viña del Mar 2006
https://youtu.be/EDdFpvEDYSo

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