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The Carter Center et al, Commitment to fundamental principles of democracy

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Jimmy the Christian lays on hands
Former US President Jimmy Carter comforts six-year-old Ruhama Issah at Savelugu Hospital in 2007, as Adams Bawa, a Carter Center technical assistant, dresses her extremely painful Guinea worm wound. Photo by the Carter Center.

A set of fundamental principles

by most US presidential centers

ATLANTA (Sept. 7, 2023) — The Carter Center and 12 US presidential organizations have come together for the first time to reaffirm their commitment to a set of fundamental principles of democracy. Their joint statement released today is consistent with the Center’s ongoing work to strengthen democracy in the United States and around the world.

“Democracy is not guaranteed. As President Carter has said, we must demand that our leaders and candidates uphold the ideals of freedom and adhere to the highest standards of conduct,” said Paige Alexander, CEO of The Carter Center. “And we must all do our part as citizens to renew our commitment to democracy, civility, and peaceful change.”

As organizations uniquely positioned to lead on this important issue, the signatories offer this statement:

The unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, as stated in the Declaration of Independence, are principles that bind us together as Americans. They have enabled the United States to strive toward a more perfect union, even when we have not always lived up to those ideals.

As a diverse nation of people with different backgrounds and beliefs, democracy holds us together. We are a country rooted in the rule of law, where the protection of the rights of all people is paramount. At the same time, we live among our fellow citizens, underscoring the importance of compassion, tolerance, pluralism, and respect for others.

We, the undersigned, represent a wide range of views across a breadth of issues. We recognize that these views can exist peaceably side by side when rooted in the principles of democracy. Debate and disagreement are central features in a healthy democracy. Civility and respect in political discourse, whether in an election year or otherwise, are essential.

Americans have a strong interest in supporting democratic movements and respect for human rights around the world because free societies elsewhere contribute to our own security and prosperity here at home. But that interest is undermined when others see our own house in disarray. The world will not wait for us to address our problems, so we must both continue to strive toward a more perfect union and help those abroad looking for US leadership.

Each of us has a role to play and responsibilities to uphold. Our elected officials must lead by example and govern effectively in ways that deliver for the American people. This, in turn, will help to restore trust in public service. The rest of us must engage in civil dialogue; respect democratic institutions and rights; uphold safe, secure, and accessible elections; and contribute to local, state, or national improvement.

By signing this statement, we reaffirm our commitment to the principles of democracy undergirding this great nation, protecting our freedom, and respecting our fellow citizens. When united by these convictions, America is stronger as a country and an inspiration for others.

Obama Presidential Center

George W. Bush Presidential Center

Clinton Foundation

George & Barbara Bush Foundation

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute

The Carter Center

Gerald R. Ford Presidential Foundation

Richard Nixon Foundation

LBJ Foundation

John F. Kennedy Library Foundation

Truman Library Institute

Roosevelt Institute

Hoover Presidential Foundation

 

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Ciencia en Panamá, Minería y salud

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Gráfico de una presentación de Gonzalo Menéndez.

Lo que está en juego aquí

mining science 1
mining science 2

 

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Now that they’re putting out a contract on Panama (triple movie feature)

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1st semester contracts — the basic concept

Murder Incorporated
https://youtu.be/xbG6lYmHeCI?si=BPg0kN5WZzh7v3sB

Lepke
https://youtu.be/PFr6xNgY11k?si=86hgFYpV9wgZUnVA

The Naked Street
https://youtu.be/YXdbHPuca_Y?si=l63bdMQ2nOgftGUg

 

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Liu, China’s gender crisis

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gender selection fallout
Shutterstock photo by aslysun.

‘I almost lost my will to live’: preference for sons is leaving young women in China exploited and abused

by Chih-Ling Liu, Lancaster University

China has a gender crisis. The country has a huge surplus of men – around 722 million compared to 690 million women in 2022. This is largely because of sex-selective abortions linked to China’s one-child policy, which ended in 2015.

Though popular belief is that the policy was strictly enforced, many Chinese couples managed to have more than one child by paying fines, accepting benefit deprivations, or proclaiming their membership of a minority ethnic group. Often, they chose to do so because their first child was a girl. The one-child policy lasted three and a half decades, replaced by the two-child policy in 2016 and the three-child policy in 2021. But even today, the belief that boys have more value than girls persists.

Traditionally, having a male heir is believed essential in continuing the family bloodline and surname. Women, on the other hand, are expected to “marry out” of their kin into their husband’s family, where they become obliged to take care of their in-laws and produce sons. But in some families who also have sons, the daughters are expected to financially provide for their birth families too.

This cultural norm has affected the wellbeing of young women, many of whom now suffer from financial, labor and emotional abuse as a result of son preference.

Popular Chinese television series in recent years – Ode to Joy (2016), All is Well (2019) and I Will Find You a Better Home (2020) – have sparked renewed attention to the family discrimination and ill-treatment that many female children continue to endure in contemporary Chinese society.

Many of these women have taken to social media to discuss their situation. In my recent research, I studied some of the thousands of posts and video clips dedicated to the topic of son preference, posted on Chinese websites like Zhihu (a Q&A forum) and Bilibili (a video-sharing site). My findings show how difficult it is for women to break this exploitative relationship, even when they have grown up.

‘I almost lost my will to live’

In families with strong son preference, daughters are molded from birth to understand that they are unworthy receivers of family resources, forever indebted to their family for being born. This contributes to a deep sense of insecurity and low self-esteem and leads to a lifelong obligation to repay their “debt” by providing for the family.

A second-year senior high school student (roughly equivalent to year 9 in England and Wales) commented on how her destiny is being shaped by expectations that she support her family financially. This has left her feeling worthless, unloved and even suicidal:

My mum has been very frank with me and keeps reminding me that, ‘I bring you up for old age security, you should give me how much a month later and you should provide for your younger brother and help with his studies financially.’ I have never felt loved, and I am always eager to be loved. I am insecure and I have very low self-esteem … I wanted to jump from stairs to commit suicide so that I could finally be happy.

Another post highlighted how son preference is instilled even in young girls, through misogynistic and demeaning remarks:

When my auntie was pregnant and I was still little, my uncle told me that I must pray it’s going to be a little brother because only then we will get to eat chicken drumsticks. If it’s a sister, we will only eat chicken-shit.

One woman described the desperation she felt, being forced to provide for her family’s monthly living expenses. She wrote that during the Chinese New Year, she even gave the hongbao (a monetary gift) that she had received from her boyfriend, to her mother.

All my giving is a total bullshit. The first few months when I had my first job, I was pestered by them so much for money, I almost lost my will to live. Even though I have a boyfriend now, I am prepared for a break-up at any time. I wanted to know why when they knew I was a girl, they didn’t just strangle me to death.

Socially isolated

Many commenters expressed their frustration and anger against the tradition. But others showed little sympathy, not understanding why these women don’t leave such abusive situations.

The struggles these women face are deeply culturally ingrained, due to values inherent in Confucianism that emphasize male patrilineal descent and inheritance, as well as submission to parental authority.

Within families, these values are socialized from an early age, making them difficult patterns to break. It is hard for women from strong son preference families to find fulfilling relationships outside of them, as they become socially isolated and more entrenched in family expectations.

An older Chinese woman with a younger woman in the background, speaking to herHarmful family values can be ingrained from an early age. imtmphoto/Shutterstock

While, in theory, these women are often financially independent and capable of managing their own relationships, they often lose their friendship circles and significant relationships over time.

Widespread beliefs persist among the general public, and men in particular, that devoted daughters will “drain your resources” to satisfy the endless demands and expenses of their natal family. Women are ridiculed as “Fu Di Mo” which translates into “monster of younger brother worshipping.”

Like in many western countries, promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment has recently become a priority to addressing the gender imbalance and low fertility rate in China. The tradition of son preference continues to cause emotional and social harm for girls in both rural villages and modern, urban China.

China urgently needs policies and intervention programs that tackle this tradition, or it will continue to limit women’s opportunities and their ability to reach their full potential.The Conversation

Chih-Ling Liu, Senior Lecturer in Marketing, Lancaster University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

 

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Editorials: Uh huh. Yeah, right…

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Il Duce
Don Ricky in regalia. Have YOU hailed Il Duce today? Photo by the Presidencia, way back when.

Uh huh

He’s been sentenced to more than 10 years in prison, still faces the Odebrecht bribes trial, is wanted in Spain for hiring cops and using electronic spy technology to stalk a former mistress, is denounced by the United States, his sons pointed the finger at him at their US money laundering trials. He’s a former president of Panama.

And NOW this former public figure is going to court against the Foco website, arguing that it’s illegal for a publication that he doesn’t like and doesn’t like him to show his picture.

There should be more immediate and severe penalties for this plaintiff, and his attorneys, for putting this kind of frivolous abuse on the court dockets.

 

Gaby
Gaby Carrizo, from his Twitter feed.

Yeah, right…

The “man of the people.” You can tell by his hat and his fake smile. Or something. Some polls show him as the most disliked candidate running.

With our first past the post multi-party presidential system, he might even get elected with less than 30 percent of the vote. But it looks more likely that he will lead the Democratic Revolutionary Party to such an awful defeat that, like the Conservative Party that led the 1903 coup by which Panama separated from Colombia, he will lead that political tradition to extinction.

But look at that hat! He’s for giving a mining company the power to take just about any farmer’s land, or as a practical matter take the water that the farm would need. But he’s got the hat, the indigenous-motif shirt and that smile. What were the PRD leaders thinking?

 

Chretien

When you’re a mayor and you have a problem you blame the provincial government. If you are provincial government and you have a problem you blame the federal government. We don’t blame the Queen any more, so once in a while we might blame the Americans.

Jean Chrétien

 

Bear in mind…


The greatest danger to our future is apathy.

Jane Goodall

 

Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.

Victor Hugo

 

If Russians knew how to read, they would write me off.

Catherine The Great

 

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¡Gallinas! ¡GALLINAS!

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buc buc buc buc

 

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Elon Musk sells an ad

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mixing weapons and drinking
An international ad campaign, especially aimed at the violent US market. Neither the advertiser nor the owner of the medium on which it was run, one Elon Musk, seem to have any qualms about the mixture of weapons and drinking. An ad from Twitter / X.
 

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Jiménez Cid, La domesticación de la levadura

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cerveza
Foto: Master1305/SHutterstock.

Cómo el ser humano domesticó la levadura que nos regaló el vino y la cerveza

por Víctor Jiménez Cid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Desde el Neolítico, cuando la recolección o captura de especies vegetales y animales dejó de ser la base de la alimentación de la especie, nuestra supervivencia –y, sobre todo, el desarrollo de las civilizaciones– ha sido fruto de la domesticación.

Mediante la agricultura y la ganadería hemos seleccionado, mejorado y adaptado a nuestras necesidades cereales, frutales, plantas de interés hortícola, aves y rumiantes para la producción de huevos, carne, leche… Y, en tiempos recientes, incluso especies de peces.

Pero a veces se nos olvida que también hemos domesticado de forma empírica a seres invisibles: los microorganismos necesarios para elaborar los alimentos y bebidas fermentadas, sobre todo bacterias lácticas y levaduras. Ambas son las responsables de la transformación de la leche en queso o yogur, de la carne en embutidos, de los vegetales en encurtidos, del vino, del pan y de la cerveza.

El peso histórico de la embriaguez

De la levadura del pan, el vino y la cerveza, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, habla precisamente este artículo. Probablemente fue domesticada en Asia u Oriente Próximo en los primeros asentamientos agrícolas. Los restos arqueológicos, las tablillas mesopotámicas y los papiros egipcios registran recetas para la elaboración de vino o primitivas cervezas, muy populares en estas primeras civilizaciones.

Quizás la evidencia arqueológica más antigua del consumo de cereal fermentado procede de la cultura natufiense, en el periodo Mesolítico en Oriente próximo, entre el 12 500 y el 9 500 a. C. Podemos especular que la “mágica” evolución de los mostos azucarados a un brebaje embriagador e imperecedero ocurrió de manera empírica en los almacenes de fruta o grano, y pronto fue dominada en sus aspectos técnicos, seguramente por mujeres dentro de los clanes familiares e incluso en castas sacerdotales.

Muchos siglos antes de los banquetes griegos, de los que la obra de Platón da testimonio, el consumo de bebidas fermentadas estaba integrado en rituales mistéricos y festivales estacionales.

El propio Evangelio, base de la religión cristiana, hace referencia a estos cultos integrando el pan y el vino, productos de la fermentación por Saccharomyces, como el eje del ritual de la eucaristía.

En el contexto de esos ritos, el estado de embriaguez provocado por las bebidas fermentadas pudo interpretarse en las primeras civilizaciones como un estado de consciencia sobrenatural que permitía conectar con los dioses, ellos mismos según los mitos bebedores de néctar, soma, etc. A pesar de su antigüedad y su peso histórico –ningún historiador podrá negar taxativamente que muchas decisiones que han cambiado el curso de la historia se han tomado con mucha probabilidad tras el consumo de alcohol–, hasta el siglo XIX la fermentación alcohólica no fue explicada científicamente.

Todo eran especulaciones hasta que llegó Pasteur

El primero en observar levaduras en alimentos fermentados fue Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). Pero la demostración de las hipótesis del físico Charles Cagniard de la Tour (1777-1859) y el naturalista Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) en favor de un papel activo de estos “animálculos” en la conversión del azúcar en alcohol y anhídrido carbónico no fue científicamente probada hasta que Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) se interesó por las transformaciones bioquímicas que tenían lugar en la producción del vino y la cerveza.

El propio Pasteur patentó un método de producción de cerveza con el que pretendía superar la calidad del caldo producido por sus enemigos alemanes en plena guerra franco-prusiana. La aplicación de las técnicas de cultivo puro, puestas a punto por el propio Pasteur y su rival alemán Robert Koch (1843-1910), inspiró a Emil Christian Hansen (1842-1909) a aislar a partir de los mostos de la factoría Carlsberg en Copenhague, donde trabajaba como microbiólogo, a la levadura “lager”. Esta levadura era un híbrido entre una Saccharomyces cerevisiae domesticada y una levadura adaptada al climas fríos, Saccharomyces eubayanus. El híbrido fue denominado entonces Saccharomyces carlsbergensis y hoy ha sido renombrado como Saccharomyces pastorianus en honor al padre de la microbiología.

Las levaduras fermentativas son los microorganismos más rentables del mundo, necesarios en las industrias panadera, del cacao, vínica y cervecera, así como para producir bebidas destiladas. Solo en Europa se estima que producimos un millón de toneladas de levadura anualmente con fines comerciales.

Conocemos sus genes como la palma de la mano

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ha sido también un modelo en biología a lo largo del siglo XX, gracias a la facilidad de manejo de su ciclo reproductivo vegetativo y sexual, óptimo para probar de manera sencilla las leyes de Mendel. Al fin y al cabo, es el organismo eucariota –con un núcleo verdadero– que mejor conocemos a nivel genético y molecular.

La secuenciación completa de los 16 cromosomas que contiene su genoma, en 1996, fue un ensayo general imprescindible para la posterior secuenciación del genoma humano. Aunque cientos de millones de años de evolución divergente separan al ser humano de la levadura, muchas funciones fisiológicas y rutas bioquímicas celulares están perfectamente conservadas. Tanto es así que el genetista Ira Herskowitz (1943-2003), uno de los padres de la biología celular de la levadura, solía replicar a quien cuestionaba su validez como modelo con la frase lapidaria “la levadura es un ser humano unicelular”, zanjando con ironía pero con determinación cualquier posible discusión al respecto.

Y en el siglo XXI, el uso de S. cerevisiae como modelo ha estado detrás de tres premios Nobel: Hartwell (2001), Schekman (2013) y Oshumi (2018). Por su investigación en este modelo de los mecanismos que rigen el ciclo de división celular (esencial para luchar contra el cáncer), el tráfico de vesículas entre orgánulos y los procesos de autofagia, respectivamente.

A su importancia como modelo biológico y en fermentaciones industriales hay que añadir su papel como probiótico, su uso en la industria químico-farmacéutica para producir a escala industrial y con bajo coste fármacos de enorme importancia como hormonas (insulina humana) o vacunas (la de la hepatitis B), o su utilización en la producción de bioalcohol en el campo de las energías limpias.

Alcohol antibacteriano

Las levaduras llevan en la Tierra cientos de millones de años. ¿Qué hacían antes de que las domesticáramos?

Sabemos que viajan en las patas e intestinos de avispas, moscas y otros insectos, entre ellas la mosca de la fruta, Drosophila melanogaster. Sobreviven durante el invierno como parte de la microbiota intestinal de estos insectos. Y cuando llega el momento de la maduración de la fruta o se encuentran cualquier mosto rico en azúcares, las golosas moscas y avispas transportan a enormes distancias a las levaduras (bueno, enormes para ellas, que tienen el tamaño de un glóbulo rojo) y las inoculan con su saliva y con sus patas en las frutas.

Pero justo ahí se encuentran con terribles competidores con un metabolismo mucho más rápido: las bacterias. Por suerte, la naturaleza es inmensamente sabia, y las levaduras convierten los azúcares, según los consumen, en un poderoso producto antibacteriano: el alcohol etílico, un desinfectante y antiséptico que mantiene a raya a bacterias y virus.

Por lo tanto, la fermentación alcohólica es una estrategia de supervivencia que permite a estos pequeños hongos competir en su nicho. Utilizándolas para fabricar cerveza o vino la especie humana es, sencillamente, una oportunista que ha domesticado esta fermentación alcohólica, tan importante en nuestra cultura gastronómica.The Conversation

Víctor Jiménez Cid, Catedrático en el área de Microbiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Este artículo fue publicado originalmente en The Conversation. Lea el original.

 

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Goodman & Moynihan: No, Donald…

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Take him away
The Scottsboro Boys were victims of racism; Trump, conversely, has long been known for his racism.

No, Donald, you’re not being persecuted like the Scottsboro Boys

by Amy Goodman and Denis Moynihan — Democracy Now! and Common Dreams

“War Is Peace, Freedom Is Slavery, Ignorance Is Strength.” So wrote George Orwell in 1984, his famous dystopian novel about authoritarianism. The book gave us the term “Orwellian,” describing situations where facts are ignored, truth is turned on its head, and 2+2=5. Now, almost 75 years after its publication, the United States is confronting its own brush with authoritarianism, by prosecuting former President Donald Trump for his attempt to seize power after losing the 2020 election.

One of Trump’s recent federal court filings is truly Orwellian. Trump was trying to delay his trial by almost three years. The filing compares Trump, a self-proclaimed billionaire, to the Scottsboro Boys, nine Black youths who suffered one of the most notoriously racist judicial persecutions in US history,

On March 25, 1931, a freight train was passing through Alabama en route from Chattanooga to Memphis. Two white women on the train, 23-year-old Victoria Price and 17-year-old Ruby Bates, accused a group of Black youths of gang raping them. Aged 12 to 20, they were arrested and hauled to jail in nearby Scottsboro, Alabama. A mob formed outside the jail, hoping to lynch the accused. Fortunately for the prisoners, both the sheriff and Alabama’s governor were opposed to lynching. The governor ordered the Alabama National Guard to surround the jail.

Retired California Superior Court Judge LaDoris Hazzard Cordell called Trump’s failed comparison to the Scottsboro Boys “stunningly stupid” on CNN

While protected from the mob, the Scottsboro Boys had no defense against Alabama’s deeply racist justice system. The day after their arrest, all nine were indicted. Two weeks later, eight of the Scottsboro Boys had been tried, found guilty, and sentenced to death. Their ordeal continued for decades. Ruby Bates subsequently recanted her accusation and testified on behalf of the nine. Two appeals made it to the US Supreme Court, resulting in remarkable rulings that set the standards for requiring effective counsel and adequate time to prepare a defense, and barring racist exclusion of people of color from juries.

Which brings us to Donald Trump. On August 1, Trump was indicted on four counts related to his efforts to overturn his 2020 election loss—including the charge of conspiracy against rights, originally enacted in 1870 to prosecute the Ku Klux Klan for denying freed Black citizens their right to vote. Special Counsel Jack Smith asked for the trial to begin in January, 2024.

Trump’s lawyers countered with a request to delay his trial until April, 2026. In their court filing, they invoked the Scottsboro Boys’ Supreme Court decision, Powell v. Alabama, in which the Court ruled that the scandalously fast pace of their arrest and sentencing to death, along with the shoddy legal representation they received, were unconstitutional.

In rejecting Trump’s outlandish request, US District Judge Tanya Chutkan said, “Many cases are unduly delayed because a defendant lacks adequate representation or cannot properly review discovery because they are detained. That is not the case here.”

Retired California Superior Court Judge LaDoris Hazzard Cordell called Trump’s failed comparison to the Scottsboro Boys “stunningly stupid” on CNN.

Anthony Michael Kreis, assistant professor of law at Georgia State University, said on the Democracy Now! news hour, “The important lesson from the Scottsboro Boys case is that in Alabama in the early 1930s, you had powers that be who used the criminal justice system in order to reinforce white supremacy—all-white juries, rushed sham trials, lack of criminal process and procedure. That’s just not what’s happening here in Washington, DC, in the special counsel’s case at all. Donald Trump has been afforded every opportunity to have a robust defense.”

The Scottsboro Boys were victims of racism. Trump, conversely, has long been known for his racism, from discriminating against people of color as prospective tenants in the 1970s, to calling for the execution of the wrongfully accused Central Park Five in a full-page newspaper ad. Trump refused to apologize or retract his demand, despite their exoneration after spending years in prison. In 2017, he referred to the white supremacist mob in Charlottesville, Virginia, including Klansmen and neo-Nazis, as “very fine people.”

The Scottsboro Boys were falsely accused of rape, and had their lives ruined. Trump has been accused of sexual misconduct, sexual assault, or rape by no less than 26 women, and has so far avoided any consequences save a recent $5 million civil court verdict finding he had sexually abused writer E. Jean Carroll.

Clarence Norris was the sole living Scottsboro Boy to receive a pardon, in 1976. He died in 1989. In 2013, the remaining Scottsboro Boys received posthumous pardons from the State of Alabama. Their story of justice denied and delayed belongs in every school curriculum, not purged with Black history as is happening in red states from Arkansas to Florida. The Scottsboro Boys have no place, however, in cynical, Orwellian court filings from criminal defendants like Donald Trump.

 

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Beluche: A treaty, a proposed law and contracts put out on Panama

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SUNTRACS
Yesterday there were the first reports of the militant SUNTRACS construction workers’ union blocking traffic over the copper mine contract issue. We deal with working people who may have little formal education, but do have good senses of history and economic bottom lines. SUNTRACS photo.

The “Hay – Bunau-Varilla Treaty” of the 21st century

by Olmedo Beluche

Many people who have read the contract with the Minera Panamá company (First Quantum Minerals) have defined it as the “Hay – Bunau-Varilla Treaty” of the 21st century, alluding to the treaty by which the Canal Zone was imposed on us in 1903, by which the country saw its main resource for national sovereignty cut off. They are absolutely right to think so. More than a hundred years later, history repeats itself whereby a handful of “Panamanians,” in exchange for a few crumbs, give up almost in “perpetuity” (40 years and extendable) our sovereignty over the country’s main mineral resource.

This is a point at which, if we care to learn, the coming and going of events allows us to look at a present event in a way that we can understand another similar one that happened in the past — and vice versa. The past, when properly studied, helps us to understand what is happening in the present moment. This reflection that goes back and forth from the present to the past and back to the present shows that history is indeed useful for decision-making.

The mining contract under debate, like the Hay – Bunau-Varilla Treaty, is intended to be imposed without the Panamanian people, nor even the legislators, being able to change even a comma. As in 1903, when Theodore Roosevelt threatened Colombia with serious consequences if it refused to approve the treaty.

The consequence was the separation of Panama from Colombia by the force of US arms. Now this Canadian company — with Korean and Chinese stakeholders in the mix — is threatening international lawsuits that would be onerous for this country. For this reason, the current Cabinet Council approved the contract without conditions, and it expects the National Assembly to do so, as the Provisional Government Junta, chaired by José A. Arango, did with the treaty signed on November 18, 1903.

Then and now, a treaty that has been negotiated between “interested” parties in violation of any “conflict of interest” principle: in 1903, the treaty negotiators were interested parties (shareholders in the French canal company), William Cromwell and Philippe Buanu-Varilla, and the employees of the Railroad Company (managed by Cromwell), Manuel Amador Guerrero and José A. Arango. Now, negotiating on behalf of First Quantum, the Morgan y Morgan law firm, with government agents linked to the mining sector, such as Gaby Carrizo and Federico Alfaro Boyd (with relatives in Morgan y Morgan).

The Hay – Bunau-Varilla Treaty handed over thousands of square kilometers to the United States “as if they were sovereign” with the excuse of the construction and operation of the canal, with the “right” to dispose of the waters of the basin and to expropriate land, manage ports and produce electricity. Similar terms to those established in the currently proposed contract with Minera Panamá, giving it “rights” over land, water, ports and expropriation of land that they deem necessary. It only needs to say “as if they were sovereign.” But you don’t need to say that because it follows if the contract says that national authorities can only gain access the mine with permission from its managers.

As in 1903, many Panamanians are led to believe that thanks to this agreement we will live in prosperity and that money will rain down like manna to solve many problems such as the miserable pensions and the retirement program of the Insurance Fund. Social. Likewise, many believed that with the canal in the hands of the gringos we would bathe in wealth. The reality showed that the $250,000 that the gringos paid in annual rent was a crumb, not enough at all compared to the millions that they made off of the canal.

The inhabitants of the transit zone were led to believe that they would be the first beneficiaries of the canal in 1903, but then what they received was expropriation of their houses and lands, and expulsion from the Canal Zone starting in 1915. People lost everything in exchange for nothing

Now it’s the same. They sell to the inhabitants of Donoso and northern Coclé the idea that the mine will share its wealth with them. In the end they will be the most affected by pollution, deforestation and the loss of their rivers and lands.

In 1903 the entire Panamanian oligarchy, the business elite and the media unconditionally supported the Hay – Bunau-Varilla Treaty and accused those who opposed it of being “unpatriotic.” They pointed their fingers at Belisario Porras and Juan B. Pérez y Soto (whom they prevented from returning to the Isthmus), The Liberal guerrilla general Victoriano Lorenzo was shot a few months before and that was held out as a warning to those who opposed.

Today they accuse the workers, teachers, youth and students who oppose the mining agreement of being “communists” and send out the riot police to suppress them, while the rabiblanco media, APEDE, the Chamber of Commerce and the traditional parties salute First Quantum Minerals.

Although the contract with First Quantum (a/k/a Minera Panamá) is similar to the Hay – Bunau-Varilla Treaty, the outcome of the story does not have to be the same. We do not have to put up with a hundred years of abuse and national opprobrium.

Let’s take to the streets en masse to reject that leonine contract. We demand that the Panamanian people decide whether or not to approve the contract through a plebiscite. Let’s demand that this decision get out of the hands of the deputies of the National Assembly.

 

Contact us by email at fund4thepanamanews@gmail.com

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